行動無線網路已普見於日常生活中，低功率消耗與服務品質保證是行動無線網路最重要的研究議題。在功率消耗上，本論文提出一些具體有效的結合能源比例式路由(Energy Proportional Routing，EPR)與封包長度調適 (Packet Length Adaptation，PLA)之節能演算法以及以位置為基礎之能源比例中經點選擇法(Location-based Energy-proportional Relay Selection，LERS)，而在服務品質保證上，兼具服務品質保證與公平性之模糊控制(Fairness and QoS-guaranteed scheduling approach with Fuzzy Controls，FQFC)排程演算法以及機會式排程演算法(Opportunistic QoS-guaranteed scheduling)被提出，以降低在行動無線網路傳輸時所產生的能源耗損，同時提供傳輸品質的保證。
　　行動網路上，能源節省之原因不僅在於行動裝置為電池供電，財政節省、環境保護與降低碳排放量也為其重要之目標。在本論文中，所提出的EPR與PLA有效地提升叢聚式無線感測網路的網路吞吐量與能源使用率，EPR預測並控制所有節點的能源損耗以讓所有節點的能源使用率能夠趨於平均能源使用率。另一方面，PLA根據雜訊所造成的封包錯誤率來設定最佳的封包長度以提升網路吞吐量與能源使用率。本論文進一步將EPR應用於中繼點選擇上，藉由使用功率控制(Power Control)，增加中繼點於繞送路徑上能大幅地改善傳送時能源的消耗，然增加中繼點之作法導致常被選擇之節點提早能源耗盡與延遲的增加。因此，本論文提出了一個以位置為基礎之能源比例中經點選擇法(Location-based Energy-proportional Relay Selection，LERS)，LERS使用EPR之技術來選擇中經點以最大化的保存能源並延長網路存活的時間。
　　另一方面，考量服務需求、網路品質與公平性之具品質保證的排程技術在此論文被提出，以有效地滿足使用者需求以及改善系統吞吐量與服務提供者財政收入。本論文提出一在IEEE 802.16 OFDMA網路上兼具服務品質保證與公平性之模糊控制排程演算法(Fairness and QoS guaranteed scheduling approach with Fuzzy Controls, FQFC)，FQFC使用模糊控制器提供品質保證，並保證同級與異級服務間之公平品質保證。根據此公平機制，本論文進一步提出一具品質保證機會式排程技術(opportunistic QoS-guaranteed scheduling technique)進行排程，機會式排程技術使用多使用者多樣性(multiuser diversity)改善整體系統效能，雖然已有許多機會式排程技術被提出，然機會式排程技術仍無法有效率地應用於QoS與non-QoS之間，因此在這篇論文裡，我們進一步的探討如何在QoS與non-QoS共存的環境上，提供一具品質保證下有效改善整體系統效能之機會式資源分配方法。

In the latest decades, various mobile applications are being rapidly and widely developed. On the basis of the inherently charactieristcs of mobile applications, to develop the low-power and QoS-guaranteed communication technologies are important issues. This dissertation proposes some novel methodologies and algorithms in order to achieve objectives of reducing power consumption and QoS-guaranteed communication quality in mobile wireless networks.
First, this work tackles the energy-efficiency issue at the network layer. In mobile networks, energy conservation is truly critical because not only it increases the energy efficiency for the battery-powered mobile devices but also results in increased financial saving and environmental protection. In this dissertation, Energy Proportional Routing (EPR) and Packet Length Adapta-tion (PLA) are proposed to maximize the throughput and energy utilization in cluster-based wire-less networks. To balance the load, EPR algorithm predicts and controls the energy consumption of each node as close as possible to threshold representing the energy utilization mean value among clusters. In addition, PLA is derived and developed to optimize the throughput and energy utilization in wireless networks. The EPR algorithm, furthermore, is applied to the relay selection problem. By adopting transmit power control, adding relay nodes in the routing paths of an ad hoc wireless network can significantly reduce energy consumption of data transmission. However, this may result in early death of some nodes frequently chosen. Therefore, a novel Location-based Energy-proportional Relay Selection (LERS) method is proposed to use EPR to select a combination of relay nodes to maximally conserve energy and prolong network lifetime. LERS can be applied to various ad hoc routing protocols. Here, we demonstrate the procedure and benefits of embedding LERS into AODV and DSDV protocols as case studies.
Finally, we study the issue of QoS-guaranteed scheduling with considering service require-ments, channel conditions and fairness. A QoS-guaranteed wireless network efficiently achieves user requirements while maximizing system throughput as well as service provider (SP) revenue. In this dissertation, a Fairness and QoS guaranteed scheduling approach with Fuzzy Controls (FQFC) is proposed for WiMAX OFDMA systems. The FQFC provides intra- and inter-class fairness guarantees by making connections within the same class achieve equal degree of QoS while at the same time making those without QoS requirements equally share the remaining re-sources. Even in dynamic environments such as mobile WiMAX networks with time-variant traf-fic specifications, the FQFC fairly guarantees delay, throughput and jitter, which are seldom achieved at the same time by state-of-the-art solutions. Based on the concepts of intra- and inter-class fairness, we further apply an opportunistic QoS-guaranteed scheduling technique into the mixture of QoS and non-QoS connections. Opportunistic scheduling is a technique which ex-ploits multiuser diversity to improve overall system throughput. Although many researchers have proposed various opportunistic schedulers, opportunistic techniques are not efficiently applied to opportunistic scheduling in the mixture of QoS (delay-sensitive and throughput-sensitive) and non-QoS (Best Effort) connections. An opportunistic QoS-guaranteed resource allocation ap-proach, which provides high system throughput under QoS constraints by exploiting multiuser diversity, is proposed.

[Ali07] S. H. Ali, K.D. Lee and V. C. M. Leung, “Dynamic Resource Allocation in OFDMA wireless metropolitan area networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol.14, no. 5, pp. 6-13, February 2007.
[AlM09] B. A.-Manthari, H. Hassanein, N. A. Ali, and N. Nasser, “Fair Class-Based Downlink Scheduling with Revenue Considerations in Next Generation Broadband Wire-less Access Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 8, No. 6, June 2009.
[And01] M. Andrews, K. Kumaran, K. Ramanan, A. Stolyar, P. Whiting, and R. Vijayaku-mar, “Providing Quality of Service over a Shared Wireless Link,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 150-154, February 2001.
[Bel57] R. E. Bellman, “Dynamic Programming,” Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1957.
[Ben06] Y. Ben-Shimol, I. Kitroser, and Y. Dinitz, “Two-dimensional mapping for wireless OFDMA systems,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 52, no.3, pp.388-396, 2006.
[Ber92] D. P. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, “Data Networks,” Prentice Hall, pp. 448-453, 1992.
[Bis95] H., Bischl and E., Lutz, “Packet error rate in the non-interleaved Rayleigh channel”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 43 1375-1382, 1995.
[Bou02] E. Bouillet, D. Mitra, and K. G. Ramakrishnan, “The structure and management of service level agreements in networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 691-699, May 2002.
[Bro98] J. Broch, D.A. Maltz, D.B. Johnson, Y.C Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multi-hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols,” in Proc. of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM, pp. 85-97, 1998.
[Cha09] Chakchai S.-I., R. Jain, and A.-K. Tamimi, “Scheduling in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX Networks: Key Issues and a Survey,” IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Commu-nications, vol. 27, No. 2, Feburary 2009.
[Che02] Benjie Chen, Kyle Jamieson, Hari Balakrishnan, and Robert Morris. “Span: An Energy-efficient Coordination Algorithm for Topology Maintenance in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” ACM Wireless Networks Journal, 8(5):481.494, Sep. 2002.
[Che03] Y. Chen, E. G. Sirer, and S. B. Wicker, “On selection of optimal transmission power for ad hoc networks,” in Proc. 36th Hawaii International Conference System Sciences, pp. 300–309, January 2003.
[Che05] C.-L. Chen and K.-R. Lee, et al., “An Energy-proportional Routing Algorithm for Lifetime Extension of Clustering-based Wireless Sensor Networks,” Workshop on Wireless, Ad Hoc, and Sensor Networks, http://acnlab. csie.ncu.edu.tw/WASN, Taiwan, 2005.
[Che06] C.-L. Chen and K.-R. Lee, et al., “An Energy-proportional Routing Algorithm for Lifetime Extension of Clustering-based Wireless Sensor Networks,” Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2006.
[Che07] Chao-Lieh Chen, “IEEE 802.11e EDCA QoS Provisioning with Dynamic Fuzzy Control and Cross-Layer Interface,” Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2007, pp. 766 - 771, August 2007.
[Che08] Chao-Lieh Chen, Jeng-Wei Lee, Syue-You Chen, and Yau-hwang Kuo, “Hierarchical Cross-Layer Fuzzy Control for Compromise of Multiple Objectives in Wireless Mobile Networks,” Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Mobility Conference, Yi-Lan Taiwan, September 2008.
[Che09] C.-L. Chen, J.-W. Lee, C.-Y. Wu, and Y.-H. Kuo, “Fairness and QoS Guarantees of WiMAX OFDMA Scheduling with Fuzzy Controls,” Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009 , ID: 512507, pp. 1-14, 2009.
[Chn06] J. Chen, C.-C. Wang, F. C.-D. Tsai, C.-W. Chang, S.-S. Liu, J. Guo, W.-J. Lien, J.-H. Sum, and C.-H. Hung, “The Design and Implementation of WiMAX Module for ns-2 Simulator,” Proceedings of ACM Workshop on NS-2: the IP Network Simulator, October 2006.
[Chn07] Chao-Lieh Chen, “Morphisms from IEEE 802.11 DCF Specifications to Its EDCA QoS Practice with Cross-Layer Interface,” Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2007, vol. 2, pp. 1-8, December 2007.
[Cov91] Thomas M. Cover and Joy A Thomas, “Elements of Information Theory,” Wiely, 1991.
[Dou97] C. Douligeris and G. Develekos, “Neuro-fuzzy control in ATM networks,” IEEE Communications Magzine, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 154 –162, May 1997.
[ERC99] European Radio Communications Office, “European Radio Communications Committee ERC/DEC(99)23,” available at http://www.ero.dk/doc98/Official/Pdf/DEC99 23E.PDF, 1999.
[Erg03] M. Ergen, S. Coleri , P. Varaiya, “QoS Aware Adaptive Resource Allocation Techniques for Fair Scheduling in OFDMA Based Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 49, Issue 4, pp. 362-370, December 2003.
[Fat02] H. Fattah and C. Leung, “An overview of scheduling algorithms in wireless multimedia networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no.5, pp. 76-83, October 2002.
[Fon08] M.-H. Fong, R. Novak and R. Srinivasan, “Improved VoIP Capacity in Mobile WiMAX Systems Using Persistent Resource Allocation”, in Communications Magazine, Vol. 46, Issue 10, pp.50-57, October, 2008.
[Fre07] J. Freitag and N. L. S. d. Fonseca, “Uplink Scheduling with Quality of Service in IEEE 802.16 Networks,” in Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM, pp. 2503-2508, November 2007.
[Gid08] M. Gidlund and J.-C. Laneri, “Scheduling algorithms for 3GPP long-term evolution systems: From a quality of service perspective,” IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, pp. 114–117, August 2008.
[Gol97] A. J. Goldsmith and S. Chua, “Variable-rate variable-power MQAM for fading channels,” IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1218-1230, October 1997.
[Gom03] J. Gomez, A. T. Campbell, M. Naghshineh, C. Bisdikian, “PARO: Supporting Dynamic Power Controlled Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Wireless Networks, vol. 9 no.5, p.443-460, September 2003.
[Hab96] I.W. Habib, “Applications of neurocomputing in traffic management of ATM networks,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 1430 – 1441, October 1996.
[Hei02] W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, “An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4) 660-670, 2002.
[Hou09] F. Hou, J. She, P.-H. Ho, and X. Shen, “A Flexible Resource Allocation and Sche-duling Framework for Non-real-time Polling Service in IEEE 802.16 Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, VOL. 8, NO. 2, pp. 766-775, February 2009.
[IEE04] “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems,” IEEE Standard 802.16-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std. 802.16-2001), October 2004.
[IEE05] “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum,” IEEE standard 802.16e-2005, February 2006.
[IEE07] “Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems – Multihop Relay Specification,” IEEE 802.16j-06/026r4, June 2007.
[ITU00] “The E-Model, a computational model for use in transmission planning,” ITU-T Recommendation G.107, May 2000.
[Jai84] R. Jain, D. Chiu, and W. Hawe, “A Quantitative Measure of Fairness and Discrimination for Resource Allocation in Shared Computer Systems,” DEC Research Report TR-301, September 1984.
[Jal00] A. Jalali, R. Padovani, and R. Pankaj, “Data Throughput of CDMA-HDR a High Efficiency-High Data Rate Personal Communication Wireless System,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2000.
[Joh96] D. B. Johnson ,and D. A. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Proc. of SIGCOMM, August 1996.
[JUB87] J. Jubin and J. D. Tornow, “The DARPA Packet Radio Network Protocols,” Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 75, issue 1, pp. 21-32, Jan. 1987.
[Kaz06] H. B. Kazemian and Li Meng, “Neuro-fuzzy control for MPEG video transmission over Bluetooth,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – Part C: Applications and Reviews, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 761–771, November 2006.
[Kel98] F. P. Kelly, A. K. Maulloo, and D. K. H. Tan, “Rate control for communication networks: shadow prices, proportional fairness and stability,” The Journal of the Opera-tional Research Society, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 237-252, March 1998.
[Kha06] A. K. F. Khattab, and K. M. F. Elsayed, “Opportunistic Scheduling of Delay Sensitive Traffic in OFDMA-based Wireless Networks,” IEEE WoWMoM, pp. 10-19, 2006.
[Khw06] K. Khawam, and D. Kofman, "Opportunistic Weighted Fair Queueing", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp.1-5, September 2006.
[Ko98] Y.-B Ko and N. Vaidya, “Location-Aided Routing (LAR) in Mobile Ad Hoc Net-works,” in Proc. of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 66-75, 1998.
[Kul03] S. Kulkarni and C. Rosenberg, “Opportunistic Scheduling Policies for Wireless Systems with Short Term Fairness Constraints,” IEEE GLOBECOM, VOL. 1, pp. 533-537, December 2003.
[Lan07] M. A. Landolsi, A. H. Muqaibel, and A. S. Al-Ahmari, “Near-far problem impact on mobile radiolocation accuracy in CDMA wireless cellular networks,” Proc. IEEE Inter-national Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, pp. 14–17, May 2007.
[Lee05] N. H. Lee, J.G. Choi, and S. Bahk, “Opportunistic Scheduling for utility maximization under QoS constraints,” IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, vol. 3, pp. 1818-1822, September 2005.
[Lei08] H. Lei, M. Yu, A. Zhao, Y. Chang, and D. Yang, “Adaptive connection admission control algorithm for LTE systems,” Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC Spring 2008. IEEE, pp. 2336–2340, May 2008.
[Li01] L. Li, and J. Y. Halpern, “Minimum-Energy Mobile Wireless Networks Revisited,” in IEEE International Conference on ICC, pp. 278-283, June 2001.
[Lig08] Light WiMAX Simulator, http://sites.google.com/site/lwxns2/, 2008.
[Lin02] S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra and K. M. Sivalingam, “Data Gathering Algorithms in Sensor Networks Using Energy Metrics,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(9) 924-935, 2002.
[Liu01] X. Liu, E.K.P. Chong, and N.B. Shroff, “Opportunistic Transmission Scheduling With Resource-Sharing Constraints in Wireless Networks,” IEEE JOURNAL ON SE-LECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 19, NO. 10, October 2001.
[Liu04] Q. Liu, S. Zhou, and G. B. Giannakis, “Cross-Layer Combining of Adaptive Modulation and Coding With Truncated ARQ Over Wireless Links,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, VOL. 3, NO. 5, pp. 1746-1755, September 2004.
[Liu05] Q. Liu, S. Zhou, and G. B. Giannakis, “Queuing With Adaptive Modulation and Coding Over Wireless Links: Cross-Layer Analysis and Design,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, VOL. 4, NO. 3, pp. 1142-1153, May 2005.
[Liu06] Q. Liu, X. Wang, and G. B. Giannakis, “A Cross-Layer Scheduling Algorithm With QoS Support in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol.55, No. 3 , pp. 839–847, May 2006.
[Lu06] N. Lu and J. Bigham, “An Intra-Class and Inter-Class Utility-Fair Bandwidth Adaptation Algorithm for Multi-Class Traffic in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, pp. 1-5, August 2006.
[Lu07] N. Lu and J. Bigham, “On utility-fair bandwidth adaptation for multi-class traffic QoS provisioning in wireless networks,” ELSEVIER Computer Network, vol. 51, no. 10, pp.2554-2564, July 2007.
[Mac06] P. Mach and R. Bestak, “Wireless Mesh and relay Networks”, Research in Telecommunication Technology 2006, Brno, ISBN 80-214-3243-8, 2006.
[Mar02] E. Marilly, O. Martinot, H. Papini, and D. Goderis, “Service level agreements: a main challenge for next generation networks,” Proc. 2nd European Conference on Univer-sal Multiservice Networks, pp. 297-304, April 2002.
[Min02] R. A. F. Mini, B. Nath, and A. A. F. Loureiro, “A probabilistic approach to predict the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks,” IV Workshop de Comunicaçĕo sem Fio e Computaçĕo Móvel, Sĕo Paulo, Brazil, October 23-25, 2002.
[Mur05] S. D. Muruganathan, MA, D. C. F. Bhasin, R. I. and A. O. Fapojuwo, “A Centralized Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE Radio Communications, 43(3) S8–S13, 2005.
[Noh06] M. Nohara et al., “IEEE 802.16 Tutorial: 802.16 Mobile Multihop Relay,” IEEE 802.16mmr-06/006, March 2006.
[NS208] The Network Simulator – ns-2, Retrieved 2008, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[Par06] W.-H. Park, S. Cho, and S. Bahk, “Scheduler Design for Multiple Traffic Classes in OFDMA Networks,” IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 790-795, 2006.
[Per94] C. E. Perkins and Bhagwat Pravin, "Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Dis-tance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers," in Proc. of 1994 ACM SIG-COMM’94, pp. 234-244, August, 1994.
[Per98] Charles Perkins and E. M. Royer, “Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing,” in Proc. of 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, pp. 90-100, 1999.
[Put07] M. L. Puterman, “Markov Decisioin Processes: Disrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming,” John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-72782-2, New York, December, 2007.
[Reg95] R. Reggiannini, “A lower performance bound for phase estimation over slowly-fading Ricean channels,” Global Telecommunications Conference, 3 2012-2016, 1995.
[Rod99] V. Rodoplu and T. H. Meng. Minimum energy mobile wireless networks. IEEE Journal Selected Areas in Communications, 17(8):1333–1344, Aug. 1999.
[Ros98] Sheldon Ross, “A first Course in Probability,” Prentice-Hall, 5-th edition, 1998.
[Ryu05] S. Ryu, B. Ryu, H. Seo and M. Shin, “Urgency and Efficiency based Packet Sche-duling Algorithm for OFDMA wireless System,” Proc. IEEE ICC, vol. 4, pp. 2779-2785, May 2005.
[Sad09] B. Sadiq, R. Madan, A. Sampath, “Downlink Scheduling for Multi-class Traffic in LTE,” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2009, Article ID 510617, 18 pp., Jul. 2009.
[Sen07] C. Sengul and R. Kravets, "Heuristic Approaches to Energy-Efficient Network Design Problem," icdcs, 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS '07), pp. 44, 2007.
[Sha01] S. Shakkottai, and A. L. Stolyar, “Scheduling algorithms for a mixture of real-time and non-real-time data in HDR,” Proc. 17th International Teletraffic Congress, pp. 793-804, Sep. 2001.
[Shr96] M. Shreedhar and G. Varghese, “Efficient Fair Queueing Using Deficit Round Robin,” IEEE Trans. Networking, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 375-385, June 1996.
[Sin98] S. Singh, M. Woo and C. S. Raghavendra, “Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks,” in Proc. of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 181-190, 1998.
[Sog05] G. Song and Y. (G.) Li, “Cross-layer optimization for OFDM wireless network—part II: algorithm development," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 625-634, Mar. 2005.
[Son05] G. Song and Y. Li, “Utility-based resource allocation and scheduling in OFDM-based wireless broadband networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 127-134, Dec. 2005.
[Son09] G. Song, Y. Li, L. and J. Cimini, “Joint Channel- and Queue-Aware Scheduling for Multiuser Diversity in Wireless OFDMA Networks,“ IEEE Transactions on Communications, VOL. 57, NO. 7, pp. 2109-2121, Jul. 2009.
[Sri04] R. Srinivasan, and J. S. Baras, “Understanding the tradeoff between multiuser diversity gain and delay – an Analytical Approach,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 5, pp. 2543-2547, May 2004.
[Van05] M. Van Der Schaar and N. Davis Sai Shankar, “Cross-layer wireless multimedia transmission: challenge, principles, and new paradigms,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 50-58, Aug. 2005.
[Vis02] P. Viswanath, D. Tse, and R. Laroia, “Opportunistic beamforming Using Dumb Antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 48, pp. 1277-1294, 2002.
[Wan05] X. Wang, J. Yin and D. P. Agrawal, “Effects of Contention Window and Packet Size on the Energy Efficiency of Wireless Local Area Network,” Proceedings of 2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1 94 – 99, 2005.
[Wan07] L. Wan, W. Ma and Z. Guo, “A Cross-Layer Packet Scheduling and Subchannel Allocation Scheme in 802.16e OFDMA System,” IEEE Wireless Com-munication and Networking Conference, vol. 3, pp. 1865-1870, March 2007.
[Wem07] M. Wemersson, S. Wanstedt, and P. Synnergren, “Effects of QoS scheduling strategies on performance of mixed services over LTE,” IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2007. PIMRC 2007., pp. 1–5, Sep. 2007.
[Wen05] C. Wengerter, J. Ohlhorst, A. G. E. von Elbwart, “Fairness and Throughput Analysis for Generalized Proportional Fair Frequency Scheduling in OFDMA,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 3, pp. 1903-1907, 30 May-1 June, 2005.
[Xia08] M. Xia, M. Batayneh, L. Song, C. U. Martel and B. Mukherjee, “SLA-Aware Provisioning for Revenue Maximization in Telecom Mesh Networks,” IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 1-5, Dec. 2008.
[Xu01] Y. Xu, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin. “Geography-informed Energy Conservation for Ad Hoc Routing.” in Proc. of 7th Annual International Conference Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 70-84, Jul. 2001.
[Yan07] Kun Yang; Jie Zhang; Hsiao-Hwa Chen, “A Flexible QoS-aware Service Gateway for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks,” IEEE Network,Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 6 – 12, March-April, 2007.
[You04] O. Younis and S. Fahmy, ‘Distributed Clustering in Ad-hoc Sensor Networks: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Approach,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3(4) 366-379, 2004.
[Yu01] Y. Yu, R. Govindan, and D. Estrin, “Geographical and Energy Aware Routing: A Recursive Data Dissemination Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” UCLA Computer Science Dept., Technical Report UCLA/CSD-TR-01-0023, available at http://cens.cs.ucla.edu/Estrin, May 2001.
[Yu04] Y. Yu, B. Krishnamachari, ande V. K. Prasanna, “Energy-Latency Tradeoffs for Da-ta Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Infocom, 2004.
[Zha04] Y. J. Zhang and K. B. Letaief, “Multiuser adaptive subcarrier-and-bit allocation with adaptive cell selection for OFDM systems,” IEEE Transaction on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1566-1575, Sept. 2004.
[Zhe07] D. Zheng and J. Zhang, “A Two-Phase Utility Maximization Framework for Wireless Medium Access Control,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 4299-4307, Dec. 2007.