本研究針對呋喃造模及水玻璃造模之三個相似暴露族群（similar exposure group SEG）（含造模、拆模及噴砂勞工）進行勞工個人可呼吸性粉塵及遊離二氧化矽之暴露評估。為進一步瞭解各SEG勞工暴露之粉塵粒徑分佈特徵及原料砂之結晶型遊離二氧化矽含量，本研究另對呋喃造模及水玻璃造模之三個作業場所（造模、拆模及噴砂區）進行粒徑分佈採樣及原料砂採樣。呋喃製程之造模、拆模及噴砂勞可呼吸性粉塵（0.273– 0.413 mg/m3）、結晶型遊離二氧化矽（0.083–0.127 mg/m3）、超出國內PEL之比例（0– 38 %）及致矽肺症風險（1.3×10-3– 2.7×10-3）均低於水玻璃製程（分別為0.657– 2.04 mg/m3、0.307– 0.636mg/m3、41.7– 66.0 %、及3.6×10-2– 5.9×10-2）。粒徑分佈採樣結果發現，呋喃造模及水玻璃製程之造模、拆模區呈現雙峰分佈，粗粒徑氣動粒徑中位數與幾何平均標準偏差分別為4.43– 6.64μm及2.75 – 4.50，細粒徑動粒徑中位數與幾何平均標準偏差分別為0.009– 0.015 μm及，4.29– 6.86，無論呋喃造模製程或水玻璃造模製程造模、拆模區粉塵均以粗粒徑為主（佔67.6 %– 82.9 %），而噴砂區呈單峰分佈氣動粒徑中位數與幾何平均標準偏差分別為4.13– 7.40及2.89– 5.93。無論水玻璃造模製程或呋喃造模製程勞工結晶型遊離二氧化矽暴露均顯著超過現行法規標準，因此建議應採取有效防制措施以保護勞工。

　　This study investigated personal respirable dust and free silica exposures for steel casting workers of three similar exposure groups (SEGs) in each of the furan resin molding process and sodium silicate molding process. In addition, particle size segregating sampling were also conducted on furan resin molding process and sodium silicate molding process plant at the workplace for each of the above mentioned three SEGs. Result show that workers of furan molding process were found with respirable dust exposures of 0.346, 0.413, and 0.273 mg/m3, for molding, mold demolitioning, and sand blasting workers respectively. Their free silica exposures were 0.126, 0.127, and 0.083 mg/m3, with fractions above the current PEL for free silica as 38.0, 30.0, and 0.02 %, respectively. The corresponding risks for silicosis were 2.6 ×10-3, 2.7 ×10-3, and 1.3 ×10-3, respectively. Workers of sodium silicate molding process were found with respirable dust exposures of 0.774, 2.04, and 0.657 mg/m3, for molding, mold demolitioning, and sand blasting workers respectively. Their free silica exposures were 0.494, 0.636, and 0.307 mg/m3, with fractions above the current PEL for free silica as 69.4, 69.0, and 60.0 %, respectively. The corresponding risks for silicosis were 5.9 ×10-2, 5.6×10-2, and 3.6 ×10-2, respectively. It is concluded that the exposures of steel casting workers of both molding processes were significantly higher than the current PELs and their resultant health risks were also significantly higher than the so call “significant risk” as proposed by US Supreme Court. No matter in furan resin molding process or sodium silicate molding process the particle size distribution were bimodal aerosol in molding and mold demolitioning area, and single-modal aersol in sand blasting area. Because of the bimodal distribution in molding and mold demolitioning area, the MMAD were presented as coarse mode and fine mode. For coarse mode analysis, the MMAD of the furan resin molding process were 6.64 μm and 8.39 μm in molding and mold demolitioning, in addition, the MMAD of the sodium silicate molding process were 8.43 μm and 7.59 μm respectively. For fine mode analysis, the MMAD of the furan resin molding process were both 0.015 μm, and the MMAD of the sodium silicate molding process were 0.010 μm and 0.009 μm respectively. The MMAD of the snad blasting area were 4.13 μm and 7.40 μm in furan resin molding process or sodium silicate molding process.

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