歷史街區不只是城市的遺緒，更是地方認同與文化延續的場域。其價值不僅存在於建築的物質性保存，更體現在居民與空間之間日常互動所生成的情感記憶與心理歸屬。臺南自1624年建城以來，歷經荷治、明鄭、清領、日治與民國之時代更迭，至今已逾400年。作為臺灣古都之一，臺南所展現的城市紋理與空間經驗，構成一個理解歷史空間與地方認同相互建構過程的觀察場域。
本研究以府城赤崁、安平、五條港與孔廟四個歷史街區為實證範圍，探討歷史街區環境設計如何透過歷史性知覺、城市形象與情感評價影響人們的地方認同。研究設計為一具中介變項的結構方程模型（SEM），並收集432份實際訪客樣本進行分析。並進一步採用多群組分析（MGA），比較臺南市民與非市民在地方認同建構歷程上的差異，以驗證模型在不同群體間的適用性與結構恆等性。
結果顯示，歷史街區的環境設計（如景觀植栽、空間配置）能有效喚起居民的情感連結，而歷史性知覺則成為非市民產生認同的關鍵橋樑。城市形象與情感評價的中介作用，在不同使用者群體間呈現顯著差異，反映地方認同並非單一形式建構，而是高度依賴個體與環境互動經驗的過程。
本研究回應過往較少關注不同使用者主觀感受與心理歷程的缺口，並呼應歷史街區振興政策中「社區參與」與「文化延續」的價值導向。研究結果不僅提供環境設計與文化治理的重要參考，也主張歷史街區應從靜態保存轉化為動態生活場域，透過在地詮釋與居民參與形塑跨群體的情感基礎。尤其在面對鐵路地下化與都市更新等都市發展挑戰下，更應將使用者感知納入設計核心，落實歷史資產與城市生活融合的永續策略。

Historic districts are not merely remnants of the past, but vital arenas where place identity and cultural continuity are shaped. This study explores how environmental design in Tainan’s historic districts influences place identity through the mediating roles of historical perception, urban image, and affective appraisal. Focusing on four key areas—Chikan, Anping, the Old Five Channels, and the Confucius Temple district—this research collected 432 valid responses from visitors and analyzed the data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA).
The findings reveal that elements of environmental design, such as spatial layout and landscape features, can evoke emotional connections among users. For non-local visitors, historical perception plays a critical mediating role in forming place identity. Furthermore, the mediation effects of city image and affective appraisal differ between Tainan residents and non-residents, suggesting that place identity is not constructed uniformly but is contingent on users’ experiences and interactions with space.
By addressing the gap in research regarding users' subjective perceptions and psychological processes, this study aligns with current revitalization policies emphasizing community participation and cultural continuity. The results offer implications for heritage conservation and urban design, advocating a shift from static preservation toward dynamic, experience-oriented environments. Especially amid large-scale transformations such as railway undergrounding and regeneration, incorporating users’ perceptions into planning is essential for fostering sustainable, culturally resonant historic environments.

Abdurahiman, S., Kasthurba A. K., & Nuzhat, A. (2022). Impact of Urban Heritage on Social Values in Historic Urban Precincts—Public Perception of the Kuttichira Community, Kerala. SCIRES-IT, 12(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.2423/i22394303v12n1p19

Aiello, A., Ardone, R. G., & Scopelliti, M. (2010). Neighbourhood planning improvement: Physical attributes, cognitive and affective evaluation and activities in two neighbourhoods in Rome. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(3), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.10.004

Alberts, H. C., & Hazen, H. D. (2010). Maintaining Authenticity and Integrity at Cultural World Heritage Sites. Geographical Review, 100(1), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2010.00006.x

Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411

Argento, D., Imre, Ö., Johansson, M., & Rönkkö, K. (2024). Facing sustainable city challenges: The quest for attra-chment. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-024-00355-4

Australia ICOMOS. (2013). Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Guidelines for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance. https://australia.icomos.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Burra-Charter-2013-Adopted-31.10.2013.pdf

Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116（95）00038-0

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588

Birdsall, C., Halauniova, A., & Van De Kamp, L. (2021). Sensing Urban Values: Reassessing Urban Cultures and Histories Amidst Redevelopment Agendas. Space and Culture, 24(3), 348–358. https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211000654

Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118619179

Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and Indirect Effects: Classical and Bootstrap Estimates of Variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/271084

Breakwell, G. M. (1986). Coping with threatened identities. London, UK: Methuen.

Bronson, S. D., & Jester, T. C. (1997). Conserving the Built Heritage of the Modern Era: Recent Developments and Ongoing Challenges. APT Bulletin: The Journal of Preservation Technology, 28(4), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.2307/1504588

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). Sage.

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Routledge.

Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Muthén, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological bulletin, 105(3), 456.

Campagnaro, T., Vecchiato, D., Arnberger, A., Celegato, R., Da Re, R., Rizzetto, R., Semenzato, P., Sitzia, T., Tempesta, T., & Cattaneo, D. (2020). General, stress relief and perceived safety preferences for green spaces in the historic city of Padua (Italy). Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 52, 126695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126695

Carmines, E. G., & McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. W. Bohrnstedt & E. F. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues (pp. 65–115). Sage Publications.

Chau, P. Y. K. (1997). Reexamining a model for evaluating information center success using a structural equation modeling approach. Decision Sciences, 28(2), 309–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1997.tb01313.x

Chen, J. L., Lin, Y. J., Huang, I. H., & Yeh, M. L. (2022). The study of city color imagery, affective appraisal and place attachment. In P. L. P. Rau (Ed.), Cross-cultural design. Product and service design, mobility and automotive design, cities, urban areas, and intelligent environments design (Vol. 13314, pp. 311–325). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06053-3_22

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural equation modeling, 9(2), 233-255.

Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. MIS Quarterly, 22(1), vii-xvi.

Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Comrey, A. L. (1973). A first course in factor analysis. New York: Academic press.

Conzen, M. R. G. (1960). Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 27, 21-42.

Dai, T., & Zheng, X. (2021). Understanding how multi-sensory spatial experience influences atmosphere, affective city image and behavioural intention. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 89, 106595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2021.106595

Deghati Najd, M., Ismail, N. A., Maulan, S., Mohd Yunos, M. Y., & Dabbagh Niya, M. (2015). Visual preference dimensions of historic urban areas: The determinants for urban heritage conservation. Habitat International, 49, 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.05.003

Deng, Z., Chen, D., Qin, X., & Wang, S. (2021). Comprehensive assessment to residents’ perceptions to historic urban center in megacity: A case study of Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 20(5), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.1942000

Diao, J., & Lu, S. (2022). The Culture-Oriented Urban Regeneration: Place Narrative in the Case of the Inner City of Haiyan (Zhejiang, China). Sustainability, 14(13), 7992. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137992

Elsorady, D. A. (2014). Assessment of the compatibility of new uses for heritage buildings: The example of Alexandria National Museum, Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 15(5), 511–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2013.10.011

Evans, D. R. (1994). Enhancing quality of life in the population at large. Social Indicators Research, 33(1), 47–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01078958

Farhad, S., Maghsoodi Tilaki, M. J., & Hedayati Marzbali, M. (2021). Architectural identity and place attachment in historic neighbourhoods: An empirical study in Sanandaj, Iran. Journal of Place Management and Development, 14(2), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-02-2020-0018

Field, A. (2013) Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics: And Sex and Drugs and Rock “N” Roll (4th ed.). Sage, Los Angeles; London, New Delhi.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Fransiska Febriati Anwar, W., Said, I., & Hisyam Rasidi, M. (2025). Making Sustainable Historical River City Through Place Attachment. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 13(1), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.13.1_209

Games, P.A. and Howell, J.F. (1976) Pairwise Multiple Comparison Procedures with Unequal N’s and/or Variances: A Monte Carlo Study. Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics, 1, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986001002113

Gieryn, T. F. (2000). A Space for Place in Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 463–496. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.463

Grenni, S., Horlings, L. G., & Soini, K. (2020). Linking spatial planning and place branding strategies through cultural narratives in places. European Planning Studies, 28(7), 1355–1374. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1701292

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson. https://www.drnishikantjha.com/papersCollection/Multivariate%20Data%20Analysis.pdf

Ho, T. P., Stevenson, M., Thompson, J., & Nguyen, T. Q. (2021). Evaluation of Urban Design Qualities across Five Urban Typologies in Hanoi. Urban Science, 5(4), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5040076

Hu, F., Liu, W., Lu, J., Song, C., Meng, Y., Wang, J., & Xing, H. (2020). Urban Function as a New Perspective for Adaptive Street Quality Assessment. Sustainability, 12(4), 1296. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041296

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

ICOMOS. (1964). The Venice Charter: International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/venice_e.pdf

ICOMOS. (1994). The Nara Document on Authenticity. https://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/386-the-nara-document-on-authenticity-1994

ICOMOS. (1996). The Declaration of San Antonio. https://www.icomos.org/en/resources/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/188-the-declaration-of-san-antonio

ICOMOS. (2011). The Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments – 1931. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508071639/https://www.icomos.org/en/charters-and-texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/167-the-athens-charter-for-the-restoration-of-historic-monuments

James, L. R., Mulaik, S. A., & Brett, J. M. (1982). Causal analysis: Assumptions, models, and data. Sage Publications.

Jive´n, G., & Larkham, P. J. (2003). Sense of Place, Authenticity and Character: A Commentary. Journal of Urban Design, 8(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/1357480032000064773

Jones, S. (2017). Wrestling with the Social Value of Heritage: Problems, Dilemmas and Opportunities. Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage, 4(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/20518196.2016.1193996

Jones, S., Bonacchi, C., Robson, E., Broccoli, E., Hiscock, A., Biondi, A., Nucciotti, M., Guttormsen, T. S., Fouseki, K., & Díaz-Andreu, M. (2024). Assessing the dynamic social values of the ‘deep city’: An integrated methodology combining online and offline approaches. Progress in Planning, 187, 100852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2024.100852

Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.

Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1996). LISREL 8: User's reference guide. Scientific Software International.

Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: Guilford Press. https://dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files4/befc0f8521c770249dd18726a917cf90.pdf

Kyle, G., Graefe, A., & Manning, R. (2005). Testing the dimensionality of place attachment in recreational settings. Environment and Behavior, 37(2), 153–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916504269654

Li, J., Luo, J., Deng, T., Tian, J., & Wang, H. (2023). Exploring perceived restoration, landscape perception, and place attachment in historical districts: Insights from diverse visitors. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1156207. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156207

Lin, C., & Cheng, H. (2008). Renaissance of the Old Town District in Tainan:Research on Aesthetic Zoning in Historic Districts. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 7(2), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.7.317

Lyu, Y., Abd Malek, M. I., Ja`afar, N. H., Sima, Y., Han, Z., & Liu, Z. (2023). Unveiling the potential of space syntax approach for revitalizing historic urban areas: A case study of Yushan Historic District, China. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 12(6), 1144–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2023.08.004

MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130

MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4(1), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84

Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (6th ed.). Pearson Education.

Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.391

Matan, A., Newman, P., Trubka, R., Beattie, C., & Selvey, L. A. (2015). Health, Transport and Urban Planning: Quantifying the Links between Urban Assessment Models and Human Health. Urban Policy and Research, 33(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.990626

Matthew Hardy. (2008). The Venice Charter Revisited: Modernism, Conservation and Tradition in the 21st Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Motoyama, Y., & Hanyu, K. (2014). Does public art enrich landscapes? The effect of public art on visual properties and affective appraisals of landscapes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.04.008

Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.430

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Orbasli, A. (2000). Tourists in Historic Towns: Urban Conservation and Heritage Management (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203479001

Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3(1), 57–83.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8

Razem, M., & El Kaftangui, M. (2020). Place Attachment and Sustainable Communities. Architecture_MPS, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.amps.2020v17i1.003

Relph, E. (1976). Place and placelessness. London, UK: Pion.

Ren, J. Y. (2024). Landscape visual evaluation and place attachment in historical and cultural districts: A study based on semantic differential scale and eye tracking experimental methods. Multimedia Systems, 30(5), 306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-024-01514-6

Ries, M., & Schwan, S. (2023). Experiencing places of historical significance: A psychological framework and empirical overview. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 92, 102179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102179

Rossi, A. (1982). The Architecture of the City. UK: MIT Press.

Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977). Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality, 11(3), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(77)90037-X

Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Schmitt, N., & Kuljanin, G. (2008). Measurement invariance: Review of practice and implications. Human resource management review, 18(4), 210-222.

Septianto E., Poerbo H. W., Firmansyah, & Martokusumo W. (2024). Understanding the attractiveness of types of historic districts in Bandung: Implementing heritage conservation based on public perception. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2397111

Sharma, S., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, A., & Dillon, W. R. (2005). A simulation study to investigate the use of cutoff values for assessing model fit in covariance structure models. Journal of Business Research, 58(7), 935–943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.007

Shen, X., Chen, M., Hsu, W.-L., Dong, Z., Lan, K., Luo, H., & Lin, S. T.-H. (2023). Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework for Evaluating Historic Sites in Huai’an Ancient Cities. Buildings, 13(6), 1385. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061385

Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4

Strandberg, C., & Ek Styvén, M. (2024). The multidimensionality of place identity: A systematic concept analysis and framework of place-related identity elements. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 95, 102257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102257

Tanaka, J. S., & Huba, G. J. (1985). A fit index for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38(2), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00834.x

Tuan, Y. F. (1977). Space and place: The perspective of experience. U of Minnesota Press.Umut Pekin, T. (2013). Urban Waterfront Regenerations. In Ö. Murat (Ed.), Advances in Landscape Architecture (pp. Ch. 7). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/55759

Ujang, N. (2016). Affective Perception of Place: Attachment to Kuala Lumpur Historical Urban Places. Open House International, 41(2), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-02-2016-B0012

Umut Pekin Timur. (2013). Urban Waterfront Regenerations. IntechOpen

UNESCO. (1972). Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. https://whc.unesco.org/en/conventiontext/

UNESCO. (2005). Hội An Protocols for Best Conservation Practice in Asia. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000182617

Vandenberg, R. J. (2002). Toward a further understanding of and improvement in measurement invariance methods and procedures. Organizational research methods, 5(2), 139-158.

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational research methods, 3(1), 4-70.

Ward, L. M., Snodgrass, J., Chew, B., & Russell, J. A. (1988). The role of plans in cognitive and affective responses to places. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(88)80019-7

Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2019). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. John Wiley & Sons.

Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. In D. R. Heise (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 84–136). Jossey-Bass.

Yang, S., Dane, G., van den Berg, P., & Arentze, T. (2024). Influences of cognitive appraisal and individual characteristics on citizens’ perception and emotion in urban environment: Model development and virtual reality experiment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 96, 102309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102309

Zhang, H., & Lin, S.-H. (2011). Affective appraisal of residents and visual elements in the neighborhood: A case study in an established suburban community. Landscape and Urban Planning, 101(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.12.010

王華琪（2008）。近代都市計畫道路開發對台南歷史市區發展之影響─以大銃街與米街沿線市區為例。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/n56zpz

文化部文化資產局（2025）。海山館。國家文化資產網。https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/assets/advanceSearch/monument/19851127000071

文化部文化資產局（2025）。臺南水仙宮。國家文化資產網。https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/assets/overview/monument/19851127000056

文化部文化資產局（2025）。臺南景福祠。國家文化資產網。https://nchdb.boch.gov.tw/assets/overview/monument/19851127000054

文芸、傅朝卿（2011）。重思文化遺產的真實性概念－從過去到現在的理解。建築學報，(76)，23-46。https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.201106.0008

文芸、傅朝卿（2013）。當代社會中遺產價值的保存與維護。建築學報，(84)，77-96。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=10163212-201306-201308300024-201308300024-77-96

內政部統計處（2025）。社會經濟資料服務平臺。社會經濟統計地理資訊網。https://moisagis.moi.gov.tw/moiap/gis2010/pro/index.cfm

行政院內政部（2021）。城鎮風貌及地方創生計畫—讓臺灣小鎮愈變愈美麗。重要政策。https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/877748e4-cab0-4771-9eef-b7ac9f20b351

吳明隆、張毓仁（2010）。結構方程模式—實務應用秘笈。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

吳明隆（2007）。SPSS 操作與應用: 問卷統計分析實務。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

吳明隆（2009）。結構方程模式：方法與實務運用。麗文文化。

吳怡璇（2020）。從文資法修法歷程看臺灣古蹟保存歷史變遷。﹝碩士論文。國立臺北科技大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/h3ppfb

吳建昇（2007）。河川與疆域—曾文溪與臺江內海的變遷。臺灣學通訊，(73)，10-12。https://wwwacc.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/3118956125.PDF

李亭萱（2020）。探討居民對府城歷史街區施策之社會價值認同。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/n8mq2v

李俊緯（2012）。近代都市規劃對晚清臺南府署周邊市區的衝擊。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/rfhahg

李俊賢、黃芳銘、李孟芳（2016）。年輕族群男女在消費型態量表的測量恆等性研究。管理與系統, 23(2), 273-302。

林會承（2014）。戰後臺灣文化資產保存法制與氛圍的形塑。文資學報，（8），27-55。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=18143121-201412-201503200012-201503200012-27-55

法務部（2023）。文化資產保存法。全國法規資料庫https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=H0170001

施俊名、吳裕益(2008)。「大學生身心健康量表」概念效度驗證之究。教育研究與發展期刊。4(4)，201-230。https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A09010707

洪嘉呈（2024）。日治時期臺南都市計畫與西化改造。臺灣學通訊，(137)，18-20。https://wwwacc.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/45171651546.pdf

高禎澤（2013）。建構文化遺產綠地網絡評價體系-以臺南市舊城歷史區域為例。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。https://hdl.handle.net/11296/3r23ba

夏鑄九（1998）。臺灣的古蹟保存：一個批判性回顧。國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究學報，(9)，1-9。https://doi.org/10.6154/JBP.1998.9.001

陳正昌、陳新豐、程炳林、劉子鍵（2005）。多變量分析方法：統計軟體應用。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

陳寬裕（2023）。結構方程模型：運用AMOS分析（2版）。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

傅朝卿（2001）。臺南市古蹟與歷史建築總覽。臺灣建築與文化資產出版。

曾憲嫻（2011）。日治時期市區改正到都市計畫。臺灣學通訊，(60)，6-7。https://www.ntl.edu.tw/public/Attachment/112221795688.PDF

黃一中（2010）。地區組織參與歷史環境再生規劃之研究-以臺南市舊城區域的學校為例。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/ax5uks。

黃一中（2021）。臺南市舊城歷史區域再生的參與式規劃與實踐－以社區及學校的參與操作經驗為例。﹝博士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/59sn7e。

黃芳銘（2015）。結構方程模式－理論與應用。五南圖書出版股份有限公司。

黃翔瑜（2017）。戰後臺灣《文化資產保存法》的早期形構及其發展（1945-1984）。博物館學季刊，31(4)。https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.2017.31.4.1

廖姵棋（2017）。住商共存的歷史區域街區經營—以臺南市中西區銀同里為例。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/svr732。

廖瓊華（2004）。臺灣地方政府建築的風格及演變之研究。﹝碩士論文。淡江大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/qn5hkf

臺南市政府（2009）。擬定赤崁舊市區更新地區都市更新計畫案－計畫書。https://reurl.cc/xNvp7Z

臺南市政府文化局（2017）。臺南市府城歷史街區（緩衝區）計畫書。https://reurl.cc/qGmygE

臺南市政府文化局（2017）。臺南市府城歷史街區計畫書。https://reurl.cc/M3ZrZK

臺南市政府文化局（2020）。通報－臺南市古蹟概況。https://culture.tainan.gov.tw/df_ufiles/071/109%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E5%8F%A4%E8%B9%9F%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81%20（1）.pdf

臺南市政府文化局（2022）。臺南市安平暨鯤喜灣歷史街區計畫。https://culture.tainan.gov.tw/form/Details?Parser=28,8,60,,,,772

臺南市政府文化局（2025）。市定古蹟『盧經堂厝』。古蹟營運科。https://historic.tainan.gov.tw/index.php?option=module&lang=cht&task=pageinfo&id=96&index=7

臺南市政府文化局（2025）。市定古蹟原德商東興洋行。古蹟營運科。https://historic.tainan.gov.tw/index.php?option=module&lang=cht&task=pageinfo&id=515&index=6

臺南市政府文化局（2025）。好舊。好－臺南市歷史街區振興補助計畫。https://oldisgood.tainan.gov.tw/index.php?option=module&lang=cht&task=pageinfo&id=1&index=1

臺南市政府文化局（2025）。赤崁樓。古蹟營運科。https://historic.tainan.gov.tw/index.php?option=module&lang=cht&task=pageinfo&id=46&index=3

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。孔廟文化園區「臺南孔子廟」。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/800/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。安平市仔街何旺厝。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/732/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。安平海頭社魏宅。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/733/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。祀典大天后宮(明寧靖王府邸)。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/675/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。祀典臺灣祀典武廟。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/678/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。金華府。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/745/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。風神廟。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/697/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。原臺南州廳-臺灣文學館。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/1142/

臺南市政府觀光旅遊局（2025）。臺灣城殘蹟(安平古堡內牆)。臺南旅遊網。https://www.twtainan.net/zh-tw/attractions/detail/729/

劉為光、盧紀邦、陳世明（2013）。臺南市舊城邊緣帶空間型態在當代都市生活中的文化意涵。建築學報，（85），227-244。 https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=10163212-201309-201312050041-201312050041-227-244

蕭文龍（2016）。統計分析入門與應用：SPSS中文版+SmartPLS 3（PLS_SEM）。碁峰資訊出版社。

蕭紋安（2013）。近代都市計畫對臺南府城道署南側市區的影響。﹝碩士論文。國立成功大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/s53hw5

蘇怡帆（2011）。臺南城內地區空間結構之變遷（1625-1929）。﹝碩士論文。國立高雄師範大學﹞臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/56na7n