在這裡，我們開發了一種簡單的自組裝反應來製備牛血清白蛋白/金納米糰簇（BSA/Au NCs）。根據 Cryo-EM 圖像和 SEM 圖像觀察，BSA/Au NCs具有~35 nm 和 93 nm 的直徑。與天然 BSA 分子相比，圓二色性 (CD) 光譜表明 BSA/Au NCs 的形成有輕微的折疊變化。由於蛋白質結構和 Au NCs 的整合，BSA/Au 在 450 nm 和 660 nm 處具有雙重熒光特性。有趣的是，根據BSA / Au和細胞核的共定位共聚焦圖像，肽框架有助於將Au納米簇遞送到細胞核中。通過靶向膀胱癌細胞的醣蛋白受體，將 4-羧基苯基硼酸 (CPBA) 表面修飾到 BSA/Au NCs 表面後內吞作用增強。將TPP（（3-羧丙基）三苯基phospho）整合到BSA / Au-CPBA NCs中可以藉TPP轉運到粒線體，這已通過使用Mito Tracker Green進行了證實。這些BSA / Au-CPBA NCs還裝有亞甲基藍(MB)光敏劑，用於惡性癌細胞進行光動力治療(PDT)。經過 MTT 分析，通過用 BSA/Au NCs 處理 PDT，在Au濃度為10 ppm 時 MB49 膀胱癌的細胞活性在BSA/Au NCs、BSA/Au-CPBA NCs和 BSA/Au-CPBA/TPP NCs 處理下分別降低至61.48 %, 56.39 % 和 26.26% (照光10分鐘)。DCFHDA染料被用來證明在MB49細胞中產生了大量的ROS，用γ-H2Ax分析闡明了細胞核和粒線體PDT對細胞的更明顯損傷。

In this study, we develop a novel self-assembly reaction to prepare bovine serum albumin/gold nanoclusters (BSA/Au NCs). The hydride particle of BSA/Au NCs possessed ~35 nm and 93 nm in diameter according to the Cryo-EM image and SEM image observations. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated a slight folding change in the formation of BSA/Au NCs when compared with nature BSA molecule. Due to the integration of the protein structure and Au NCs, BSA/Au performed dual fluorescence properties at 450 nm and 660 nm. Intriguingly, the peptide framework assisted to deliver the Au nanocluster into cell nucleus according to the co-localization confocal images of BSA/Au and nucleus. The endocytosis was enhanced after the surface modification of the 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (CPBA) onto the surface of BSA/Au NCs via the targeting to the glycoprotein receptors of bladder cancer cells. The integration of TPP ((3-Carboxypropyl) Triphenyl phosphonium) into BSA/Au-CPBA NCs could transport the NPs to the mitochondria, which was confirmed by using Mito Tracker Green. These BSA/Au-CPBA NCs were further loaded with methylene blue photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in malignant cancer cells. According to the MTT examination, the cell viability of MB49 bladder cancer decreased to 61.48 %, 56.39 % and 26.26% (treat for 10 min) at 10 ppm [Au] by treating PDT with BSA/Au NCs, BSA/Au-CPBA NCs, and BSA/Au-CPBA/TPP NCs groups. DCFHDA dye was utilized to prove the large amount of the ROS generation in the MB49 cells by BSA/Au-CPBA/TPP NCs, elucidating a more pronounced damage of the cells from the PDT of nucleus and mitochondrial with γ-H2Ax analysis.

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