研究背景與目的：自殺者遺族（suicide-bereaved individuals）常因親人驟逝及社會汙名而經歷獨特的複雜性悲傷（Complicated Grief, CG），然而，國內針對此族群之研究多以質性敘事為主，缺乏量化實證支持。因此，本研究旨在探討自殺者遺族之複雜性悲傷、辯證思維（Dialectical Thinking, DT）與創傷後成長（Posttraumatic Growth, PTG）之關聯，並進一步檢視辯證思維在悲傷與成長歷程中的可能角色。
研究方法：本研究採用混合方法設計（Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Design）。第一階段為量化研究，透過網路招募與相關機構合作，共蒐集 51 位年滿 20 歲且親人自殺離世滿 6 個月以上之遺族有效問卷，使用複雜性悲傷量表（ICG）、創傷後成長量表（PTGI）及辯證自我量表（DSS）進行測量，並採用無母數統計方法進行分析。創傷後成長另依題項反應重新操作化為「是否達標」之二元變項（以多數題項呈現非零反應作為判準）。第二階段為質性研究，邀請 9 位遺族進行半結構式深度訪談，並以主題分析法探討其心理歷程與意義建構。
研究結果：量化分析結果顯示，複雜性悲傷、辯證思維與創傷後成長之間未呈現顯著線性關聯。進一步以創傷後成長達標與否進行群組比較，結果顯示，不論辯證思維高低或複雜性悲傷高低，各組在創傷後成長達標比例上皆未達統計顯著差異（p > .05）。此外，樣本中創傷後成長達標比例偏高（約88.2%），可能壓縮組間差異，使統計效果未能呈現。然而，質性分析呈現不同層面的理解：遺族的悲傷經驗常呈現「矛盾並存」的情緒結構（如愛與憤怒、自責與解脫），顯示悲傷與成長可能在同一歷程中共存；辯證思維則多被經驗為一種逐步發展的心理調節與整合歷程，而非穩定不變的人格特質。研究結論：本研究在量化層面未能支持辯證思維與複雜性悲傷對創傷後成長「是否達標」之顯著區辨效果；然而，質性結果顯示辯證思維可能在悲傷與成長的整合歷程中具有關鍵意涵，其影響較可能展現在經驗整合與意義建構層面，而非直接決定創傷後成長的出現，未來研究建議擴大樣本數，並進一步探討辯證思維如何影響創傷後成長的型態、歷程與深度。

Suicide-bereaved individuals often face complicated grief (CG) following sudden loss and social stigma, yet research in Taiwan has relied mainly on narratives with limited quantitative evidence. This study examined relationships among CG, dialectical thinking (DT), and posttraumatic growth (PTG), with emphasis on the potential role of DT in integrating grief and growth. A sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used. In the quantitative phase, 51 adults who had lost a loved one to suicide at least six months earlier completed the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Dialectical Self Scale (DSS). Given sample size and distributional assumptions, nonparametric analyses were conducted. Results showed no significant linear associations among CG, DT, and PTG. When PTG was operationalized as a dichotomous attainment variable based on non-zero responses across most items, Fisher’s exact tests likewise indicated no differences in PTG attainment across high versus low CG or DT groups (p > .05). The high overall PTG attainment rate (88.2%) may have limited group discrimination. In the qualitative phase, nine participants took part in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis indicated that CG involved coexisting emotional contradictions, while DT emerged as a gradually cultivated psychological regulatory process rather than an innate trait. Overall, DT appeared to influence the integration process and expression patterns of growth rather than directly determining PTG occurrence. Future studies with larger samples are needed to further clarify how DT shapes the forms, timing, and depth of PTG after suicide loss.

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