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研究生：	張珈銘 Zhang, Jia-Ming
論文名稱：	地動訊號於河川監測之應用：以愛玉子溪及曾文水庫為例 Fluvial monitoring using ground motion signals: Case studies in the Aiyuzi River and Zengwun Reservoir
指導教授：	林冠瑋 Lin, Guan-Wei
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	113
中文關鍵詞：	河川監測、地震儀、愛玉子溪、曾文水庫、河川作用
外文關鍵詞：	Fluvial monitoring, Seismometer, Aiyuzi River, Zengwun Reservoir, Fluvial processes
相關次數：	點閱：99 下載：7
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河川作用包含了侵蝕、搬運及堆積，對於地形的發育有著重大的影響。有關河川作用的研究不只能夠瞭解地表地質作用的運作機制，還能作為水資源規劃及土砂防災等相關領域之參考。河川作用的研究主要是透過水文觀測數據來解釋其原理及機制，常見的水文觀測涵蓋水位、表面流速及沉積物濃度等。然而，水文觀測站多分布於河川中、下游，對上游的河道觀測較少，而且傳統水文觀測的時間解析度較低、安裝與維護的成本較高，促使新型態的水文觀測技術開始發展。過去二十年，環境地震學蓬勃發展，地動訊號分析被大量使用於環境監測，並且具有一定的成效，本研究將探討地震儀於河川監測應用之可行性。
研究期間地震儀分別架設於愛玉子溪及曾文水庫下游河道，用於記錄河川作用產生之地動訊號，結果顯示無論時間域或頻率域的地動訊號均與水文觀測數據之間存在良好的正相關。河床載運移及河水牽引河床為洪水期間主要的震動來源，此外河川作用的特徵頻率集中於頻率段10至50赫茲。相較於河水牽引河床，河床載運移的特徵頻率較低。根據不同的河床載搬運方式，產生的地動訊號具有不同的性質，而河川作用產生的地動訊號可能是透過雷利波的模式傳遞。本研究結果充分展現地震儀觀測應用於河川監測之潛力，提供新穎的河川監測觀測方式。

Fluvial processes include erosion, transport of sediment, and deposition. Investigating fluvial processes can not only help us to understand the mechanisms of surface processes, but also provide essential information on management of water resources and geohazards. In the past two decades, application of seismometers to environmental monitoring developed rapidly. In this study, the potential of fluvial monitoring using seismometers is evaluated. During the study periods, seismometers were deployed at the river bank beside the Aiyuzi River and the outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir, respectively. Good positive correlations are observed between hydrological data and seismic signals both in the time domain and frequency domain. In addition, bedload transport and water traction on river bed are supposed as the dominant seismic sources during flood periods. The characteristic frequency band of seismic signals induced by fluvial processes ranges between 10 Hz and 50 Hz. The frequency band of signals induced by bedload transport is lower than that induced by water traction on river bed. Seismic waves induced by bedload transport have different properties based on transport mode. Furthermore, seismic waves generated by fluvial processes may propagate through Rayleigh Wave. Finally, the results in the study show that seismometers can be a robust tool for fluvial monitoring.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
致謝 IX
Contents XI
List of Tables XV
List of Figures XVII
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1 Motivation and Objectives 1
2 Literature reviews 3
2.1 Conventional fluvial processes monitoring 3
2.2 Concepts and applications of LSPIV 4
2.3 Environmental monitoring using seismometers 5
Chapter 2. Study Areas 9
1 Aiyuzi River in the Shenmu Village 9
2 Outlet channel of the hydropower plant of the Zengwun Reservoir 12
Chapter 3. Methods 15
1 Hydrological data processing 16
1.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 16
1.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 19
2 Ground motion signals processing 27
2.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 28
2.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 30
3 Multiple linear regression model building 31
Chapter 4. Results 37
1 Demonstrations of hydrological data 37
1.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 37
1.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 38
2 Ground motion signals analysis 41
2.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 41
2.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 44
3 Coefficients analysis of multiple linear regression models 49
3.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 49
3.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 50
4 Comparison between seismic signals and hydrological data 52
4.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 52
4.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 55
Chapter 5. Discussion 61
1 Performance of multiple linear regression models 61
1.1 Outlet bank of the Aiyuzi River 61
1.2 Outlet channel of the Zengwun Reservoir 65
2 Evidence of bedload transport 67
2.1 Coefficients of multiple linear regression models 67
2.2 Clockwise hysteresis curves 69
2.3 Residual power in signals 76
3 Propagation of seismic waves induced by fluvial processes 78
3.1 Propagation of seismic waves induced by water flow 79
3.2 Propagation of seismic waves induced by bedload transport 82
Chapter 6. Conclusions 87
1 Potential of fluvial monitoring using seismometers 87
2 Properties of seismic waves induced by different fluvial processes 88
References 91
Appendix 99
                                    

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