背景：
台灣面臨人口老化、失能與衰弱等問題，進而降低了老人的生活品質。其中，影響老化生活品質的因子，除了個人健康因素外，也包含了環境因素。過去研究指出，建成環境對生理和心理健康、以及身體活動有顯著的影響，也和長者生活品質有顯著的關聯性。然而，許多文獻主要為橫斷研究，無法釐清建成環境與生活品質變化之時序性，且台灣相關研究並不充分。本研究目的即是補足此知識缺口，以台灣中老年人為樣本，探討建成環境設施與生活品質變化之關係。
方法：
本研究使用「退休規劃與退休歷程對退休後健康狀況之影響」資料庫，第一波資料蒐集於2015-2016年，第二波資料蒐集於2018-2019年。樣本的納入條件為完成兩波調查之資料，並排除生活品質資料漏答、ADL≧1等個案後，最終樣本為2364人。自變項為受訪者之居住地方圓1000公尺內各類設施之數量，並將其分為高、低兩組；而依變項則為SF-12生活品質問卷，包括生理及心理層面之生活品質分數的變化。
結果：
建成環境之各類設施經校正回歸後的結果顯示，購物設施(β=0.09, p=.007)、健康服務設施(β=0.04, p=.032)、和社區活動設施(β=0.05, p =.024)等三大項對於生理層面之生活品質(PCS)有正向影響（分數增加），但行政服務設施在生理層面之生活品質分數則是負向影響（分數減少）。在心理層面之生活品質(MCS)分數的變化部分，在放入模型後之校正迴歸結果，各類設施皆未達到統計顯著。
結論：
購物設施提供居民日常生活所需、健康服務設施提供中老年人所需要之醫療與健康服務、社區活動設施則提供各類課程使長者保持活躍，對於生理層面之生活品質具有正面之影響。然而，心理層面生活品質之變化並未有統計顯著，此一結果與過去文獻有所不同，過去橫斷研究指出休閒設施對於心理健康有正面影響，但本研究為追蹤研究，其結果值得進一步探究。

Taiwan is facing the challenge of a rapidly aging population, leading to issues such as disability, frailty, and reduced quality of life (QoL). The built environment has been identified as a crucial factor affecting QoL, encompassing physical and mental health. This study addresses a gap in existing literature by examining the connection between the built environment and changes in QoL among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Taiwan. Data from the Taiwan Health and Retirement Study were analyzed, involving two waves of data collection (2015-2016 and 2018-2019). After filtering out incomplete data, a sample of 2364 individuals was utilized. The independent variable was the availability of various built environment facilities within a 1000-m buffer of residential locations, categorized as high or low groups. The dependent variable was the change in SF-12 QoL scores, encompassing both Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. After adjusting for covariates in regression analysis, the results indicated that facilities for shopping, health service, and community activity positively impacted the Physical Component Summary (PCS). In contrast, administrative service facilities were negatively associated with the Physical Component Summary. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the built environment and changes in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) in the adjusted regression model. This diverges from previous cross-sectional studies demonstrating a positive link between leisure facilities and mental health. Further investigation is needed, considering the longitudinal design of this study.

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