目前地理資料的儲存與展示主要是以數值地形圖為基礎，隨著地物和地貌的變遷，數值地形圖的更新儼然成為一個重要的課題。傳統檔案式的地圖資料因受限於圖幅分割，地理資料的更新都是以檔案覆蓋方式來進行，也使地理資料的更新變得沒有效率。最近幾年，數值空間資料的處理最重要的發展之一就是物件導向技術的應用，主要是用來解決數值地形圖的簡單資料模式和未結構化的圖徵無法有效率地應用在GIS上的問題。這項技術可被進一步擴展用來解決地理物件資料庫的更新問題。本文即探討以物件關連式資料庫結合唯變動更新機制，應用在地理資料庫之漸進式更新的作業方法研究。本研究利用物件關連式資料庫作為數值地形圖資料儲存之基礎，先將數值地形資料以物件的方式重組並建置於物件關連式資料庫中。然後利用PDA野外資料更新系統，以物件的方式來進行野外異動資料的調查與測量，最後再以漸進式的方式，並配合唯變動更新機制，將地形物資料更新至資料庫中，完成資料庫維護的作業。

At present the storage and presentation of geographic data is based on digital maps. As the change of topographical feature and terrain relief, the update of digital maps has become an important issue. Traditionally the update of the geographic data was achieved by making map files overwritten, because the maps data was limited by the division of map sheet. This process makes the update of the geographic data becoming less efficient. In recent years, one of the most important developments of digital spatial data processing is the application of object-oriented technique. It is used to solve the problem that the simple data model of digital maps and unstructured features can't be utilized efficiently in GIS. This technique can be extended further to solve the update problem of geographic database objects. This paper explored the procedure of incremental updating on the digital map database using the object-relational database with change-only update mechanism. Here the storage of the digital map data is based on the object-relational database. At first the digital map data will be restructured as objects, and stored in the object-relational database. Then the change of features will be checked and measured by a field survey system with data updating function on a PDA. At last the updated map data will be incrementally propagated to the object-relational database by change-only updating to end up the process of database maintenance.

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