研究背景
由於退休是生命歷程重要的一環，此事情對於遷移也是強大的轉捩點。台灣2017年平均退休年齡是61歲低於法定退休年齡，2015年以後每年退休人數以萬人來做計算，集中在55-64歲這個區間辦理退休，人口老齡化再加上高齡勞參率的下降，使退休族群是一個逐漸成長的群體。對於遷移行為國外已有不少研究著墨，過去台灣遷移相關領域研究多集中探討遷移原因，或集中在特定族群如年輕人、少數族群如原住民等，較少文獻是在探討台灣中高齡退休族群遷移的模式或是縣市環境的影響。

研究目的
本研究目的在探討退休後的遷移行為對生活滿意度的相關性，以及分析實際影響遷移行為的個人及環境因素。透過此對台灣退休族群之遷移行為與外在周遭環境影響有更深入的認識。

研究方法
為橫斷面的量性研究，使用次級資料庫量化分析。資料庫使用台灣第一個探討中高齡退休族群的資料庫-「退休規劃對退休後之生活適應及健康狀況調查研究資料庫」去分析與探討台灣退休族群遷移行為與生活滿意度間之相關性。研究對象為50-74歲公勞保退休人士，個人層次納入3060人，環境層次納入16個縣市，使用分層抽樣，鄉鎮市區都市化分類分層，統計方法使用多層次分析跨層次的交互作用。統計軟體使用Stata 15.1。

研究結果
本研究結果發現(1)退休後遷移人口占總樣本9.15%，其中遷移到不同縣市的占3.1%，退休前最多人居住在新北市(19.63%)，退休後最多人居住在台南市(15.46%)；(2)年輕老人(50-54)會遷移到不同縣市為老老人(70-74)的3.71倍，而高中以上、有持續工作、退休金高、沒有配偶跟非閩南人比較會有遷移的行為；(3)教育程度高、經濟滿意度高、公保退休、健康狀況良好者，其生活滿意度、生活品質、健康狀況皆好；(4)安全指標對生活品質與健康狀況有影響，健康指標、便利指標對生活滿意度、生活品質、健康狀況有影響，舒適指標則無顯著影響；(5)調節效果中發現居住在高醫療資源的縣市，有遷移行為者，生活滿意度會比較高；反之，則相反。

結論
個人因素與環境因素會影響退休族群之遷移行為及其生活滿意度，且其中之調節效果亦存在，並對生活品質影響較少，應共同為高齡者的晚年生活找尋更好的條件，增加正面因素，減少負面因素的產生，提供適當的環境因素亦相當重要，使其在晚年都能有良好的生活品質。

Retirement is a life-course transition in later life that is marked by major changes may affect moving behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among Subject of Well-Being in later life related variables, such as Life Satisfaction, and Quality of Life of retired Taiwanese aged from 54 to 74. The main objectives to measure the cross-level effects of the life satisfaction from different moving behavior of retired people. County were chosen as samples in which include 3060 retired people from 16 counties. The cross-sectional quantitative analysis studies used Taiwan's first database to explore the middle-aged and retired populations - "Retirement Planning and Living Adaptation and Health Survey Research Database" to analyze and explore the correlation between moving behavior and life satisfaction of Taiwan's retired groups. Mixed-Model analyses were used to measure the impact between life satisfaction and personal and environmental variables, and moving behavior interactions. Statistical software used STATA v.15.0. The finding show that there were few retirees had moving behavior after retirement. There were about 9.15% people moving to another area after retirement. Most people lived in New Taipei City (19.63%) before retirement, and most people lived in Tainan City after retirement (15.46%). Of 11 individual variables, much of them were significantly related to moving behavior, including age, education, pension, marriage, retirement public insurance, and still work. Retired people education above senior high school, public insurance retirement, still working, high, no spouse, non-Southern Fujian, more be movers. Both individual-level and country-level had positive significant effect on life satisfaction. In cross-level, retired people were more likely to move to the regions of more medical staffs to improve life satisfaction in later life. The interest find that most elderly people seem to stay in a place they are familiar to live and achieve aging in place in the later life.

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