簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 許長仁
HSU, Chang-Lien
論文名稱: BF-4 極低頻天線校正及閃電電荷矩計算
Calibration of the BF-4 Magnetic Field Induction Sensor and the Algorithm of Lightning Related Charge Moment
指導教授: 許瑞榮
Hsu, Rue-Ron
陳炳志
Chen, Bing-Chih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 物理學系
Department of Physics
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 52
中文關鍵詞: 閃電相關電荷矩磁場天線訊號重建波形變型校正
外文關鍵詞: signal reconstruction, Calibration, Lightning Related Charge Moment, waveform distortion, magnetic field induction sensors
相關次數: 點閱:102下載:2
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 為了研究高空短暫發光現象與閃電之間的關係,成大團隊在2003 年於鹿林天文台建置極低頻閃電磁場量測系統,包了兩組高感度BF-4 磁場天線與訊號調節器。這套磁場量測系統包含了因訊號調節器所造成的記錄波形變形失真,及磁場天線未經過精確校正兩大問題,使過去數年所記錄的科學資料無法發揮最大效益。這篇論文針對上述的兩項問題進行分析處理。利用訊號傅立葉轉換,結合實驗量測以建立
    波形重建演算法,解決訊號調節器導致的訊號變形。並且製做出一組長螺線管系統,產生適當均勻磁場,對BF-4 磁場天線進行振幅校正與相位差校正。結合上述兩項修正成果,應用於真實高空短暫發光事件的極低頻磁場訊號上,除了可正確重建磁場訊號波形外,也利用地表與電離層間波導管傳遞的電磁波模式,以一個高空短暫發光現象事件相關的閃電為例,計算其電荷矩與電流矩,並且比較校正前後所得到的閃電電磁參數的差別。

    To explore the physical connection between transient luminous event and associated
    lighting, a magnetic field measurement system at the band-pass of extremely low frequency
    was established at Lulin Observatory in 2003. This system mainly consists of a
    pair of high-sensitivity BF-4 magnetic field induction sensors and a signal modulator.
    Two problems were already revealed and noted by the previous work of Wang [2004],
    one is the waveform distortion caused by the signal modulator, and another one is the
    un-calibration of magnetic field coils. These problems prevent the data recorded by this
    system in the past years to be used confidently in the scientific applications. In this study,
    a mathematic work based on the Fourier theory and related experiments are proposed to reconstruct the distorted waveforms. The validations by various waveforms show this approach is functional at the frequency range of 1-117 Hz. A long solenoid was built to produce a uniform magnetic field to calibrate the amplitude and phase responses of the BF-4 sensors over several decades of frequency. An event of an intense lightning with TLE is applied to derive the charge moment change based on the wave guide model of electromagnetic wave propagation between Earth and ionosphere.

    摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... III 致謝 .............................................................................................................................................. IV 圖目錄 ......................................................................................................................................... VII 表目錄 .......................................................................................................................................... IX 第一章 簡介 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 高空短暫發光現象 ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 雲對地閃電的產生機制 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 淘氣精靈(ELVES) ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 紅色精靈 ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 淘氣精靈及紅色精靈與閃電相關的特性............................................................................ 3 1.6TLE的觀測方式 ....................................................................................................................... 4 第二章 閃電磁場量測 .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 簡介 ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 成大的閃電ELF波段觀測系統 ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 閃電ELF波段磁場量測系統 ................................................................................................. 9 2.4 成大ELF波段磁場訊號量測系統存在的問題 .................................................................... 12 第三章 校正訊號 ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 波形回復理論 ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 頻率響應實驗 ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 訊號重建方法驗證 ............................................................................................................. 20 vi 3.4 應用至訊號調節器B ........................................................................................................... 25 第四章 BF‐4 磁場天線校正 .......................................................................................................... 28 4.1 螺線管校正系統製作 ......................................................................................................... 28 4.2 實驗結果 ............................................................................................................................. 31 第五章 以舒曼共振計算閃電電流矩與電荷矩 ............................................................................. 33 5.1 電荷矩計算介紹 ................................................................................................................. 33 5.2 計算方法的驗證 ................................................................................................................. 35 第六章 結論和展望 ..................................................................................................................... 38 參考文獻 ..................................................................................................................................... 41 附錄A:訊號調節器A頻率響應結果 ............................................................................................ 45 附錄B:訊號調節器B頻率響應結果 ............................................................................................ 46 附錄C:BF-4 磁場天線校正結果 ................................................................................................. 50

    Barrington-Leigh, C. P, and U. S. Inan, Elves triggered by positive and negative lightning
    discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 683– 686. (1999)
    Boeck, W. L. et al., Observations of lightning in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res,. 100,
    1465. (1995)
    Blanc, E. et al., Nadir observations of sprites from the International Space Station, J.
    Geophys. Res., A 109, A02306. (2004)
    Burke, C. P., and D. L. Jones, An experimental investigation of ELF attenuation rates in
    the Earth-ionosphere duct, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 243. (1992)
    Burke, C. P. and D.L. Jones, On the polarity and continuing currents in unusually large
    lightning flashes deduced from ELF events. J. Atmos. Terr.Phys., 58, 531. (1996)
    Chen, A. B., et al., Global distributions and occurrence rates of transient luminous events,
    J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08306, doi:10.1029/2008JA013101. (2008)
    Chen, F. F., Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Springer; 2nd edition.
    (2006)
    Chern, J. L. et al., Global survey of upper atmospheric transient luminous events on the
    ROCSAT-2 satellite, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 65, 647. (2003)
    Franz, R. C., R. J. Nemzek, and J. R. Winckler, Television image of a large upward electrical
    discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science, 249, 48. (1990)
    Frey, H. U., et al., Beta-type stepped leader of elve-producing lightning, Geophys. Res.
    Lett., 32, L13824, doi:10.1029/2005GL023080. (2005)
    Fukunishi, H., et al., Elves: Lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere,
    Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2157. (1996)
    Galejs, J., Terrestrial propagation of long electromagnetic waves, Elsevier; 1st edition.
    (1972)
    Haung, H. G., E. et al., Criteria for sprite and elves based on Schumann resonance observations.
    J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16943. (1999)
    Hu, W., S. A. Cummer, W. A. Lyons, and T. E. Nelson, Lightning chargemoment changes
    for the initiation of sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1279,
    doi:10.1029/2001GL014593. (2002)
    Inan, U. S., et al., Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by
    lightning,Geophysical Research Letters, 18(4), (1991).
    Ishaq, M. and Jones, D. L., Methods of obtaining radio wave propagation parameters for
    the earth-ionosphere duct at ELF, Electronic Letter, 13, 254. (1977)
    Jones, D.L., Schumann resonances and ELF propagation for inhomogeneous isotropic
    ionospheric profiles, J Atmos. Terr. Phys., 29, 1037. (1967)
    Kuo, C.L., et al., Discharge processes, electric field, and electron energy in ISUAL recorded
    gigantic jets, J. Geophys. Res.,, 114, A04314, doi:10.1029/2008JA013791.
    (2009)
    Lyons, W. A., Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their parent
    thunderstorm systems, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,641. (1996)
    Mende et al., D region ionization by lightning-induced electromagnetic pulses, J. Geophys
    Res., 110, A11312, 10.1029/2005JA011064. (2005)
    Nickolaenko, A. P, and Hayakawa, M., Resonances In The Earth-Ionosphere cavity,
    Springer; 1st edition. (2002)
    Nottage, W. H., The calculation and measurement of inductance and capacity, Iliffe
    Books. (1925)
    Pasko, V. P., et al., Heating, ionization and upward discharges in the mesopsphere due to
    intense quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 365. (1995)
    Pasko, V. P., Atmospheric physics: Electric jets, Nature, 423, 927. (2003)
    Rakov, V. A. and Uman, M.A., Lightning: physics and effects, Cambridge University-
    Press,(2003).
    Sato, M. and Fukunishi, H., Global sprite occurrence locations and rates derived from
    triangulation of transient Schumann resonance events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30,
    160000-1, doi:10.1029/2003GL017291. (2003)
    Schumann, W. O. U‥ ber die strahlunglosen Eigenschwingungen einer leitenden Kugel,
    die von einer Luftschicht und einer Ionospharenh‥ulle umgeben ist, Z. Naturforsch.
    A, 7, 6627– 6628. (1952)
    Sentman, D. D., et al., Preliminary results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign: 1.Red
    sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1205. (1995)
    Smythe, W. R., Static and Dynamic Electricity, McGraw-Hill, 1st edition. (1939)
    Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.and McHarg, M. G., , R High time-resolution sprite imaging: observations
    and implications, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, 234009. (2008)
    Su, H. T., et al., Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere, Nature,423,
    974. (2003)
    Taylor, W. L., and K. Sao, ELF attenuation rates and phase velocities observed from
    slow-tail components of atmospherics, Radio Science, 5, 1453. (1970)
    Tran, A. and Polk, C., Earth-ionosphere cavity, Radio Science, 11, 803(1976).
    Wait, J. R., Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media, Pergamon Press, 1st Edition.
    (1962)
    Wait, J. R., Electromagnetic waves in stratified media, Pergamon Press, 2nd Edition.
    (1970)
    Walker, C. S. (1990), Capacitance, Inductance and crosstalk Analysis, Artech House Publishers.
    Wang, Y. C.; Wang, K.; Su, H. T., Hsu, R. R., Low-latitude ELF-whistlers observed in
    Taiwan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L08102, doi:10.1029/2005GL022412. (2005)
    Wang, K. et al., Polarization Study of ELF-Emissions at Pre-earthquakes Time, American
    Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #S33B-1313. (2007)
    Weidman, C. D., and E. P. Krider, The amplitude spectra of lightningradiation fields in
    the interval from 1 to 20 MHz, Radio Science, 21, 964. (1986)
    Wescott, E. M., et al., Preliminary Results From the Sprites94 Aircraft Campaign:2.Blue
    Jets, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1209. (1995)
    Yair, Y. et al., New observations of sprites from the space shuttle, J. Geophys Res., 109,
    D15201. (2004)
    蘇漢宗, 『低頻無線電波閃電定位系統之建立與運用』結案報告(2003)
    王雲慶, 極低頻訊號調節器的類比訊號量測期末報告930701(2004)

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:2009-07-21公開
    QR CODE