| 研究生: |
黃建維 Huang, Chien-Wei |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
葉片形狀對小型水力發電機效率之影響 The effect of blade shape on the efficiency of small hydroelectric generator |
| 指導教授: |
周榮華
JHOU, Rong-Hua |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 工程科學系 Department of Engineering Science |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 86 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 卡普蘭式水輪機 、水力發電 、田口方法 、葉片 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Kaplan turbine, hydraulic generator, Taguchi method, blades |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:116 下載:11 |
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水力發電是利用河流、湖泊及水庫等位於高處具有位能或者具有動能的水流至低處,將所含有的能量轉換成水輪機的動能,再藉由水輪機的原動力,轉動發電機使機械能轉為電能。故水力發電是將水的位能或動能轉變為機械能,再轉變為電能的過程。即以水的能量,有效利用流體力學及機械物理等,以產生所需之電量,提供人們無污染的電力。
常見水力發電之水輪機中,主要可分為卡普蘭式水輪機(Kaplan turbine)以及佩爾托式水輪機(Pelton turbine),其中卡普蘭式較適合低水位落差,且效率較為高。本研究之目的在於研製一小型水力發電系統,期能以最少的水量帶動水輪機葉片使發電機發電,並且以小負載照明設備進行照明或是平時儲存電力,使之可運用於高低水位落差的地形環境,例如:都市高樓排水系統等,將地形環境造成的能量耗損回收利用。
研究主要分兩個項目,即發電機構本體及葉片外型的設計。葉片外型設計的部分則先透過速度三角形理論並配合田口方法,進行葉片之設計,接著利用數值模擬軟體以及實驗找出較高性能之葉片外型。發電機構本體設計部分則參考永磁式發電機的結構,將內部單層磁石轉子設計成以定子線圈為中央之內外兩層磁石轉子,使發電機在有限的空間下發電效率能提升,而能於最小流量下發電。
本研究使用田口實驗設計的L9直交表作實驗,依葉片數量、葉片角度、葉片直徑及輪轂直徑作為控制因子,三水準,並定義發電量為品質特性,其理想機能採取望大作為指標,依實驗的結果找出能使發電機達到最大機電轉換效率的原始葉片設計,使水流量在不變的情況下,進一步提升機電轉換效率。
透過數值模擬及配合田口實驗,依葉片數量、葉片角度、葉片直徑、及輪轂直徑作為控制因子,並使用L9直交表作為實驗的最佳分析組合結果可知:在葉片數量多、葉片角度小的葉形具有較佳之發電效率,葉片角度較大之葉片的漏流現象較嚴重。本研究中經由田口分析機電轉換效率較佳之葉片,水流量達2.5m3/hr,轉速為600rpm時,可以點亮80顆白光砲彈型LED。流量為4 m3/hr,轉速為1100 rpm時,會有最大之發電功率0.31 W左右,機電轉換效率為18.3%。
Turbines are widely used in hydropower generations and can be categorized into Pelton and Kaplan types. Kaplan turbines are usually used in low-head applications and are more efficient than the other type. In this thesis, a small hydraulic power generator of Kaplan type for driving LEDs is designed, implemented and tested. The turbines are designed based on the theory of velocity triangle, and then the efficiency is examined by both simulations and Taguchi method. According to the principle of
the generator, a high-speed generator using permanent magnets with a small and
simple structure and low cost is developed.
The results show that the optimized blade with a smaller blade angle and a smaller
number of blades performs better whereas that the leakage flow with a larger blade
twist angle is more serious. When the flow rate is 2.5 m3/hr, the rotation speed of the
blades reaches 800 rpm, and the generator can produce enough power to drive 80 small white LEDs. Finally, when the flow rate is 4 m3/hr, the rotation speed of the blades reaches 800 rpm, the maximum power is 0.31 W, and the total efficiency is 18.3%.
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