研究背景
醫療科技及專業照護的提升促使早產兒存活率逐年提高，臨床照護的焦點已不再是生存問題，更重要的是早產兒家庭整體生活品質。早產兒住院導致親子分離，充滿緊張壓力的醫療照護環境更拉遠了心理距離。而台灣人獨有的「坐月子」文化，更加成了分離時間，使得早期親子關係建立上更具挑戰。袋鼠護理為兼具醫療效果及家庭為中心概念的照護方式，在臨床觀察之下發現，父親雖為主要探視者，但在臨床參與度與早產兒互動情形卻甚少於母親。因此在推動袋鼠護理的同時，父親更需要給予介入與重視，其執行當中的感受、需求及當中意義亦值得關注瞭解。

研究目的
探討父親於早產兒住院期間執行袋鼠護理後的經驗及心路歷程。

研究方法
本研究採質性研究設計，透過現象學的方式了解袋鼠護理對於早產兒父親之意義及本質結構。以立意取樣方式選擇台灣南部某醫學中心新生兒中重度病房之早產兒父親為研究參與對象，經由半結構式訪談大綱進行兩次深度訪談。採用Colaizzi (1978)現象學分析法進行資料分析，並邀請參與者共同檢視分析內容以提高研究結果呈現的精確性。研究之嚴謹度根據Lincoln及Guba (1985, 1994)提出之五個評價準則作為參照標準，以提高質性研究結果之信任價值。

研究結果
研究中從九位參與者之歷程描述當中薈萃出四個主題，分別為「人生變奏：逆境中的韌性與脆弱」、「沉重慢板：父子間最遙遠的距離」、「溫情旋律：邁向親密的情感互動」與「共譜新曲：復甦茁壯的父職角色」。研究結果發現，袋鼠護理能夠幫助父親在早產歷程當中達到正向適應及父職角色上的成長，其主要歸結於「療癒」與「蛻變」此兩個經驗本質。此外，並從本研究父職角色的轉換歷程當中，進一步認識到男性在新、舊性別意識中對父職角色結構、解構、再建構的形塑過程。

結論/實務應用
早產事件對於父親而言仿如平順人生當中的變奏曲，在起伏波折的變化當中，藉由袋鼠護理的介入開展其悸動心靈的父職樂章。經由研究探索，歸結出袋鼠護理不僅能夠提供父親多面向的療癒功能，更如催化劑一般幫助新手父親蛻變成長，並進一步發現傳統社會的僵化性別規範在潛移默化之下影響父親的育兒與及展現。藉由此研究結果除了可提供臨床工作者及家庭成員們更加了解父親面臨早產的心境及角色轉換的轉捩點外，更可從本研究當中反思婦幼照護環境當中，醫療服務對於兩性之間的重視性。對於日後研擬推廣早產兒父親執行袋鼠護理相關策略時，能有效地提供心理支持與親職角色轉換上的協助，並營造出對於父親更加親善的醫療環境。

SUMMARY
The research aims to explore the fathers’ experiences and feeling on providing Kangaroo Care (KC) to their preterm infants during hospitalization by the phenomenological approach. Using the purposive sampling method and conducted two semi-structured interviews to obtain the meaning and the essential structure of fathers’ experiences toward KC.
Data were analyzed using Colaizzi (1978) phenomenological analysis method. Four themes were conducted: (1) life variation: toughness and vulnerability; (2) heavy adagio: the farthest distance; (3) tender melody: going toward an intimate interaction; (4) composition of new songs: arouse and robust father’s paternal role. “Healing” and “transformation” were the core experiences for these fathers. Furthermore, the findings reveal the gender consciousness was also influences the parenting behavior and fathers’ performance.
The study results can help nurses and family members understand the paternal perceptions. This could achieve by providing emotional support and friendly environment for fathers and their preterm babies.

Key words: father, preterm infant, kangaroo care, phenomenology

INTRODUCTION
The survival rates of the prematurity have been increased because of the progress in neonatology and nursing skills. The clinical care issues is no longer about survival, more important is the whole family’s quality of life. The hospitalization separated parents and their preterm infants, and the stressful healthcare environment will pull away the psychological distance. In addition, the Taiwanese custom of “doing the month” extend the separation time between mothers and infants. It influences the natural process in establish parent-child relationship. The kangaroo care (KC) method has been proved its effects on improving the quality of medical and family-centered care. In clinical observation, fathers are the primary visitors in NICU in the first month after the baby born. However, they are less participation and interaction with their preterm babies. While promoting the KC for the preterm infants and their parents, it should be the essential concern about the fathers’ feelings, influences and meaning in the implementation process. This research aims to explore the fathers’ experiences and feeling on providing KC to their preterm infants during hospitalization.

MATRRIALS AND METHODS
A phenomenological approach is used to explore the meaning and the essential structure of fathers’ experiences toward KC for their preterm infants. Using the purposive sampling method, the fathers who have a preterm infant at the sick baby nursery in a medical center in southern Taiwan was recruited. Two in-depth interviews were conducted during hospitalization and after the preterm infant discharge. After the interviews, this study converted the interview content into transcripts, and used Colaizzi (1978) phenomenological analysis method to extract the themes. To improve the accuracy of the results present, the participants were also invited along with to view the study results. This study used Lincoln & Guba’s (1985, 1994) five indicators of research rigor to improve the trust value of qualitative research results.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this study, we extracted themes among nine participants’ description of experience, four themes were conducted: (1) life variation: toughness and vulnerability; (2) heavy adagio: the farthest distance; (3) tender melody: going toward an intimate interaction; (4) composition of new songs: arouse and robust father’s paternal role. The finding indicates that KC can help father reach growth in positive adaptation, which is mainly attributable to two essences of experiences in “healing” and “transformation”. KC method could effectively heal fathers’ emotional, repair the relationship between father and their preterm babies, and also help them cope with difficulties by “doing good” actions. The skin-to skin contact triggered father's love, and repositioning the paternal roles and functions. In addition, we also recognized further the shaping process of male on fatherhood role’s in the gender consciousness from the course of role transformed.

CONCLUSION
Preterm event just like a variation in smooth life of father; during changes in the ups and downs, the KC method which helped them to attain the paternal role and to cope with the unexpected situation. Through research and exploration, we concluded that KC not only be able to provide multiple aspects of healing function for father, but also as a catalyst to help novice father transform and grow generally, further finding that the traditional society of rigid gender norms had influence on father’s behavior and performance.
A deep understanding paternal perception, would contribute on medical and family members to learn more about father's state of mind while facing with the role transition and turning point, but also we can reflect their importance in the care environment. As a result, which to develop the programs related to KC while giving effectively support and create a friendly medical environment for fathers and their preterm babies.

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