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研究生：	潘美琪 Pan, Mei-Chi
論文名稱：	環型陣列式超音波量測系統與聲場散射實驗 Ring-type Hydrophone Array System and its Acoustic Wave Scattering Experiment
指導教授：	李永春 Lee, Yung-Chun
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 機械工程學系 Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	135
中文關鍵詞：	聲場散射、散射圖樣、換能器、水聽器、有限原素法、ANSYS
外文關鍵詞：	ANSYS, Hydrophone, Transducer, Scattering Pattern
相關次數：	點閱：77 下載：6
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查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

本研究探討彈性散射體在水中的散射聲場，散射體之尺寸、幾何外型以及材料性質都會影響其散射聲場分佈。本文利用實驗量測、數值模擬與理論解分析的方式，瞭解散射體之散射聲場特性並得到對應之散射圖樣，進而分析彈性散射體與散射圖樣之間的關係。實驗的部分，透過PVDF針尖式水聽器與PZT平面式換能器之設計與製作，架構一環型陣列式的超音波量測系統，建立單一聲源發送與多點位置接收聲場訊號的量測方式，在入射聲波激振散射體後，可以接收到不同角度的散射聲波訊號，因此可得到散射體之散射聲場資訊；ANSYS數值模擬與理論解推導的部分，則可得到散射聲場的數值解與理論解析解。散射體選擇以壓克力、黃銅與鋁三種不同材料加工成的圓柱體與複合結構圓柱體為實驗對象，觀察不同材料與不同結構之散射體對散射聲場的影響。透過量測與模擬結果的比較，證實可得到相同的聲場壓力分佈趨勢，同時也得到上述各種散射體之散射圖樣，有利於未來以環型陣列式的超音波量測系統對散射體進行特性的分析。

The current study discusses the scattering ultrasound fields by elastic solid scatters in water. The scattering field is significantly affected by the size, geometric shape and material property of the scatter. In this research, the scattering pattern of an elastic scatter is obtained by experimental measurement, numerical simulation, and analytical theory method. A ring-type hydrophone array system with 15 PVDF needle type hydrophones and a PZT transducer are designed for scattering field measurement, the PZT transducer works like a wave transmitter and the PVDF hydrophones positioned on a circle encompassing the scatter are designed as scattering wave receivers. In this work, three different materials, PMMA, aluminum and copper are chosen and designed to form different cylindrical scatter, such as single cylinder and cylindrical compound structure. In this way, the scattering pattern of specific scatters of different material or structure can be obtained and therefore the relations between scatter and scattering pattern can be well established. Experimental results are in good agreement with scattering patterns computed by analytical theory and ANSYS numerical simulation method.

摘要..............................................................................I
Abstract........................................................................II
致謝............................................................................III
目錄............................................................................IV
表目錄.......................................................................VII
圖目錄......................................................................VIII
符號..........................................................................XIII

第一章　導論...............................................................1
　1.1　研究背景及目的..............................................1
　1.2　文獻回顧..........................................................5
　1.3　本文架構..........................................................8

第二章　散射聲場之理論解與數值解.......................9
　2.1　散射聲場的理論解..........................................9
　　2.1.1　散射聲場的推導.......................................9
　　2.1.2　理論解的散射圖樣.................................18
　2.2　有限元素ANSYS模擬聲場之介紹與設定....22
　　2.2.1　ANSYS分析聲場的類型.........................22
　　2.2.2　ANSYS分析聲場的流程.........................23
　2.3　ANSYS模擬換能器之聲場特性....................27
　　2.3.1　換能器的近遠場區分.............................27
　　2.3.2　ANSYS模擬換能器之聲場特性.............29
　2.4　ANSYS散射聲場模擬分析............................32
　　2.4.1　ANSYS模擬散射聲場.............................32
　　2.4.2　ANSYS模擬實驗量測.............................42

第三章　換能器設計與製作.....................................52
　3.1　實驗量測方法................................................52
　　3.1.1　實驗設計.................................................52
　　3.1.2　儀器設備.................................................54
　3.2　PZT換能器的設計、製作及測試.................57
　　3.2.1　PZT換能器製作......................................57
　　3.2.2　PZT換能器之阻抗匹配..........................59
　3.3　PVDF水聽器製作與放大電路......................70
　　3.3.1　PVDF水聽器製作...................................70
　　3.3.2　訊號處理電路的設計.............................72

第四章　實驗量測及與理論比較.............................76
　4.1　入射聲場之掃描............................................76
　　4.1.1　硬體設備.................................................76
　　4.1.2　水下聲場掃描系統.................................78
　4.2　水聽器量測訊號校正....................................84
　4.3　散射聲場量測實驗........................................88
　　4.3.1　實驗量測系統架構.................................88
　　4.3.2　硬體設備.................................................91
　　4.3.3　量測圓柱體之散射聲場.........................93
　　4.3.4　實驗、理論及ANSYS模擬相互比較.....99
　　4.3.5　複雜結構的散射圖樣量測...................105
　4.4　完整散射圖樣量測......................................114

第五章　結論與未來展望.......................................119
　5.1　結論..............................................................119
　5.2　未來展望......................................................122

參考文獻...................................................................124
附錄A.以Bessel　Function寫出平面波...................127
附錄B.阻抗匹配方式...............................................128
附錄C.阻抗匹配值計算...........................................133
                                    

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