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研究生： 蔡旻穎
Tsai, Min-Ying
論文名稱： 台灣GPS連續觀測站坐標時間序列分析方法研究
Analysis of Coordinate Time Series of Taiwan Continuous GPS Stations
指導教授： 饒瑞鈞
Rau, Ruey-Juin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 97
中文關鍵詞： 速度場 、時間序列 、GPS連續站 、空間濾波技術
外文關鍵詞： spatial filtering technique, time series, continuous GPS stations, velocity field
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    • 近年來，利用GPS連續觀測來研究板塊運動及地殼變形之技術已趨近成熟。在進行長時間的GPS計算過程中，需要一合理且可靠的參考框架。台灣位於板塊邊界，地震活動頻繁的地區，其最大的困擾是IGS參考站離觀測網太遠，造成較大的誤差。其解決方法即是建立屬於台灣地區的參考框架。本研究自1995至2005年底之IGS參考站中，選取資料穩定、連續性佳、資料時間長、速率穩定、網形幾何分佈良好之連續站作為國際約制站，進而解算國內約制站（CK01、KDNM、KMNM、S01R、TNML）的坐標及速度值。本研究利用ITRF2005框架進行資料解算，新增地震和更換儀器等因素造成的新坐標及速度值；並利用誤差傳播定律求得合理的坐標約制量來計算觀測網；此外經由空間濾波技術處理，最高可改善時間序列中所造成的共同誤差約60%的影響量及有效降低時間序列中觀測資料的離散程度。對地震造成的區域性速度場變化進行探討如下，水平方面：在北部地區，速度場方向及量級變化穩定且變化量小；在東部地區，1999年集集地震和2003年成功地震影響最為清楚，速度場方向不顯著改變，速度場量級顯著改變，特別以FLNM在1999年集集地震改變最大（53.96 mm/yr）；在南部地區，速度場方向及量級變化穩定，由東往西依逆時鐘方向逐漸由西北方向轉為西南方向。高程方面：在東部地區，以FLNM在1999年集集地震和2003年成功地震、TMAM在2003年成功地震之後，下陷量逐年增加；在南部地區，以嘉義沿海地區，下陷量約40 mm/yr最為顯著。

    Continuous GPS observation technology has largely improved the capability of monitoring on plate motion and crustal deformation. During the data processing, rational and reliable reference frame are needed. The GPS network in Taiwan is located away from the IGS reference frame network stations, and therefore large uncertainty may occur during the processing. To resolve the problem, choosing the continuous GPS stations of Taiwan to set up a reference frame of Taiwan is necessary. In the study, we select the IGS continuous stations of stability and duration in the interval of 1995–2005 to establish an appropriate distributed network. Furthermore, we also calculate the coordinate and velocity of permanent constrained Taiwan stations（CK01、KDNM、KMNM、S01R、TNML）. This research refers to the ITRF2005 reference frame. The influence of earthquake and changing instrument has been considered. We obtain the reasonable coordinate constraint value by using the error propagation. Furthermore we reduce 60% common error by handling the observed data by using the spatial filtering technique. Thus, we improve the scattering in the time series. The discussion on velocity field is described as follows. Horizontal dimension: In the northern area, velocity direction and quantity change stably and the variation is unapparent. In eastern area, the variation caused by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and the 2003 ChengKung earthquake is obvious. Instead of the direction, it caused a great change in the velocity magnitude. Especially in 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake caused the 53.96 mm/yr displacement observed in FLNM station. In the southern area, velocity direction and quantity change stably. From east to west, velocity direction changes from north-west to south-west counter-clockwise. Vertical dimension: In the eastern area, observations in FLNM after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and the 2003 ChengKung earthquake and TMAM after the 2003 ChengKung earthquake, subsidence quantity increases year by year. In the southern area, the coastal area of Chiayi, subsidence reaches 40 mm/yr.

    摘 要..................................................... I Abstract ................................................ II 致 謝................................................... III 目 錄.....................................................IV 表目錄...................................................VII 圖目錄..................................................VIII 第一章 緒論............................................... 1 1-1 前言.................................................. 1 1-2 前人研究.............................................. 5 第二章 資料及研究方法..................................... 9 2-1 GPS 資料來源.......................................... 9 2-2 GPS 資料品質......................................... 12 2-3 GPS 解算策略......................................... 14 2-3-1 GPS 解算之第一階段................................. 14 2-3-1-1 IGS 約制站的選擇機制............................. 14 2-3-1-2 國內約制站的選擇機制............................. 23 2-3-1-3 不同類型解算策略的觀測網......................... 23 2-3-1-4 約制站坐標的約制權重............................. 24 2-3-1-5 約制站坐標的檢核標準............................. 25 2-3-2 GPS 解算之第二階段................................. 27 2-4 Bernese 參數設定..................................... 27 2-5 GPS 資料處理......................................... 32 2-5-1 空間濾波技術....................................... 32 2-5-2 GPS 速度場評估..................................... 34 2-5-3 GPS 速度場誤差估計................................. 35 第三章 研究成果與分析.................................... 36 3-1 IGS 約制站的篩選成果................................. 36 3-2 不同類型解算策略的觀測網比較......................... 41 3-3 約制站坐標的約制權重................................. 46 3-4 約制站坐標的檢核標準比例............................. 47 3-5 空間濾波技術成果..................................... 49 3-6 GPS 速度場分析....................................... 53 3-6-1 北部地區........................................... 54 3-6-2 東部地區........................................... 55 3-6-3 南部地區........................................... 58 第四章 討論.............................................. 60 4-1 GPS 速度場比對....................................... 60 4-1-1 東部地區........................................... 60 4-1-2 南部地區........................................... 63 4-1-3 北部及外島地區..................................... 67 4-2 地震造成的速度場變化（相對於澎湖白沙S01R）........... 71 4-2-1 1999 年9 月21 日南投集集地震....................... 71 4-2-1-1 水平方面......................................... 71 4-2-1-2 高程方面......................................... 72 4-2-2 2002 年3 月31 日花蓮外海地震....................... 74 4-2-2-1 水平方面......................................... 74 4-2-2-2 高程方面......................................... 75 4-2-3 2003 年12 月10 日台東成功地震...................... 76 4-2-3-1 水平方面......................................... 76 4-2-3-2 高程方面......................................... 77 第五章 結論.............................................. 78 參考文獻................................................. 80 附錄A.................................................... 86 自述..................................................... 97

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    IGS website: http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/
    ITRF website: http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr/
    NGS website: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ANTCAL/
    SIO website: http://sio.ucsd.edu/

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