| 研究生: |
孫惠珠 Sun, Hui-Chu |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
雷射切割塑膠製程之異味排放特徵及防護效果評估之研究 Characterization of Odor Emissions from Laser Cutting Plastic Process and Assessment for the Efficiency of Protections |
| 指導教授: |
林達昌
Lin, Ta-Chang |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2014 |
| 畢業學年度: | 102 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 154 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 雷射切割塑膠製程 、醛酮化合物 、酚類化合物 、異味特徵 、呼吸防護具 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Laser cutting, Plastic, Carbonyls, Phenols, Protections |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:92 下載:1 |
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隨著科技的進步與發展,電子產品不斷朝向輕薄、精緻、高亮度、高畫質、客製化等型態推陳出新,多功能光學膜則常運用在產品面板上使之亮度增益。由於電子產品日趨個人化,所需多功能光學膜尺寸規格眾多,傳統沖床技術受限材料種類及開模成本負擔,近年為了解決成本之困境,則引進雷射切割技術取而代之,其具有免開模、高效率及高準確之特性,有效降低製作成本及提高產品品質。
然而雷射切割面板業等相關塑膠材料所產生之異味會造成工作場所遭受污染,異味問題輕者會使勞工情緒受到影響,降低工作效率;重者會使勞工健康受到危害,造成職災情況,其問題不容許輕忽。本研究將針對文獻上鮮少於塑膠相關產業探討之醛酮及酚類異味物質進行研究。
本研究分為三部分,以光學膜中作為基材的塑膠PC及塑膠PET為實驗對象,第一部分是使用常用雷射功率(80 W、160W、240W)下進行分析切割塑膠材料過程中所產生之異味物質濃度差異;第二部分是在距離雷射機台(0.1 m、1 m、3 m、7 m)下進行評估勞工在同一作業環境,不同距離雷射機台下暴露異味物質濃度情況;第三部分是模擬勞工配戴不同口罩及在有局部通風下異味改善之程度。
實驗結果發現,切割不同種類塑膠,醛酮化合物和酚類化合物的總濃度皆會隨著雷射功率的增加而上升,但因塑膠結構差異,在相同雷射功率下切割不同塑膠所產生之異味物質濃度有所差異,切割PC時其酚類總濃度高於切割PET,而醛酮化合物則是在切割PET所產生的總濃度會高於切割PC,在最高雷射功率240 W時,切割PC所產生之酚類總濃度為1.56 mg/m3,切割PET所產生之醛酮總濃度為20.3 mg/m3。
在相同作業環境下與雷射切割機台不同暴露距離之勞工所遭受異味物質危害情況,暴露最高異味物質濃度為距離雷射切割機台最近的雷射切割操作人員(1 m)而暴露最低濃度則為距離最遠之產品檢驗員(7 m),在距離的增加下,異味物質氣相比例由1 m的70%上升至7 m的100%,以高比例氣相存在。在模擬勞工進行佩戴不同口罩下對異味物質之濾效為活性碳N95口罩>普通防塵N95口罩>活性碳口罩>不織布口罩,表示活性碳N95最有效可以過濾異味物質。不過, 對於降低暴露異味物質最有效方法為業者針對產生污染發生源為已知且有限之雷射切割機台進行設置搭配氣罩之局部排氣裝置,可有效降低異味物質擴散至工作環境中影響勞工作業情況。
To cope with the increasingly fierce market competition, the introduction of laser cutting processes has turned out to be an important step for further cost-down in multi-functional optical film industry. However, the fume produced from laser cutting always cause the annoying odor to interrupt workers. Little research exists regarding the odorous substances generated in the cutting of plastics with lasers. This study investigated the carbonyls and phenols produced when a laser is used to cut PC and PET, the primary base materials in optical films. Our results indicate that the concentration of these substances increases with the power of the laser. Due to differences in the monomer structure of these materials, a 240 W laser produced a higher concentration of phenols (1.56 mg/m3) from PC and a higher concentration of carbonyls (20.3 mg/m3) from PET. Without adequate protection (1 m), laser cutting PET with a 240 W laser would expose machine operators to 2.74 mg/m3 of formaldehyde, which exceeds the regulatory standard of 2.4 mg/m3. An N95 valved active carbon respirator is capable of reducing this concentration to 0.07 mg/m3; however, the other masks tested in this study were only able to reduce concentrations to between 1.88 mg/m3 and 2.2 mg/m3, which barely meets regulatory standards. In contrast, the installation of local ventilation can remove as much as 99 % of the gaseous substances produced in the laser cutting of plastics.
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