急性肝胰腺壞死症(AHPND)是由帶有質體(內含PirABvp毒素基因)的致病性副溶血弧菌所引起，會導致蝦苗在放養初期有極高的死亡率。先前研究顯示：致病性副溶血性弧菌最初會在蝦胃中增生，接著穿透蝦的胃腸道屏障，而後破壞肝胰腺。因此，蝦子感染AHPND的過程可能與胃部菌群組成的失衡有關。並且過去研究已知：AHPND爆發極為快速，可在一天內就導致蝦子死亡。因此，本研究規劃在短時間進行密集採樣來探究當蝦子感染AHPND後，其胃部菌群組成對應致病性副溶血弧菌入侵的動態變化。
本研究將蝦子分成三組進行感染實驗：1) 5HP菌株(具有PirABvp毒素基因)感染；2) S02菌株(不具PirABvp基因)感染；3) TSB對照(培養基不含任何細菌)。在三組實驗中，分別於感染後0 / 3 / 6 / 12 / 24 / 48 / 72小時之七個時間點進行蝦子胃部採樣，並採用次世代定序資料進行菌群結構分析。研究結果表明：5HP致病菌株會使蝦子胃部菌群組成產生大幅度變化，並且與S02和TSB兩組非致病組的結果有明顯差異。此外，針對5HP組追蹤腸道菌相結構隨時間的變化，發現相較於0小時的組成，菌相在感染6小時後即有明顯差異，與毒素基因上升時間點相同。相較而言，S02組直到48小時後才有改變。本篇研究發現AHPND弧菌病原感染可在短時間內造成蝦子腸道菌群組成的失衡，可能進而導致蝦子喪失正常消化生理功能。

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) leads to high mortality in shrimp aquaculture in recent years. The pathogenesis of AHPND has been confirmed to be caused by a pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus with the plasmid-associated PirABvp toxin genes. Previous studies revealed that AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus initially grew in the stomach and then penetrated the gastrointestinal barriers, finally invaded into the hepatopancreas. Accordingly, the successful AHPND infection may be associated with the disorder of gut microbiota in the stomach. The AHPND infecting process in shrimp has been found to be extremely rapid and can cause shrimp death within one day. In addition, Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been confirmed to be non-pathogenic if it doesn’t contain PirABvp toxin genes. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate gut microbiota dynamics in the short time in response to AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus infection.
In order to detect the interactions between V. parahaemolyticu and gut microbiota, three sets of shrimp infection experiments have been conducted: 1.) 5HP strain infection (with PirABvp gene), 2.) S02 strain infection (without PirABvp gene), and 3.) TSB medium control (without any bacteria). For shrimp sampling, shrimp individuals will be collected at each of seven time points (0 hpi, 3 hpi, 6 hpi, 12 hpi, 24 hpi, 48 hpi, and 72 hpi; hpi = hours post immersion). The results showed that infection by 5HP strain would cause significant changes in shrimp gut microbiota, and taxonomic composition was significantly different from the SO2 and TSB non-pathogenic groups. Moreover, comparing the changes of gut microbiota structure over time in the 5HP group, this study found that the gut microbiota structure after 6 hpi was significantly different from the structure at 0 hpi. These results suggested that pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus could affect the balance of gut microbiota in a short time. This study indicates that AHPND infection can cause an imbalance in the composition of the shrimp gut microbiota within 6 hours, which may cause the shrimp to lose normal physiological function.

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