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研究生： 許家旗
Hsu, Chia-Chi
論文名稱： 雷射表面重熔法修補Alloy 82衰化之效果研究
Degradation Repairing of the Decayed Alloy 82 Weldment by LSM
指導教授： 李驊登
Lee, Hwa-Teng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2012
畢業學年度： 100
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 77
中文關鍵詞： Alloy 82 、雷射表面重熔 、枝晶間腐蝕 、沿晶腐蝕 、殘留應力
外文關鍵詞： Alloy 82, Laser Surface Melting, Intergranular Corrosion, Interdendritic Corrosion, Residual Stress
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    • 核電廠的鎳基合金銲道時常發生衰化破壞。其原因主要為沿晶腐蝕(Intergranular Corrosion, IGC)及枝晶間腐蝕(Interdendritic Corrosion, IDC)的相互作用下，致使內部裂紋迅速開展。本研究以常用於銲道融填的鎳基合金材料Alloy 82為對象，討論其覆銲層(Cladding)所產生的衰化情形。並嘗試以雷射表面重熔(Laser Surface Melting, LSM)進行修補。實驗首先將Alloy 82進行GTAW覆銲，再對其進行衰化熱處理，模擬不當銲接或長時間高溫高壓使用下的材料劣化情形。覆銲層經熱處理後，會生成大量枝晶間析出相與晶界富鉻碳化物，造成抗蝕能力降低。以此種衰化銲層為材料，使用不同能量密度的雷射光束對其進行表面LSM掃描。使用惠式試驗法(Huey Test)，測試抗蝕性恢復程度。並使用應變規高速鑽孔法，量測LSM掃描前後，覆銲層的應力狀態變化，釐清LSM是否會導入大量殘留張應力。
    實驗結果顯示，衰化覆銲層在Huey Test測試中發生枝晶間腐蝕與沿晶腐蝕；而經雷射處理產生熔融區的表面則未發生上述腐蝕現象。原因為經過雷射加溫熔融，再重新凝固後，鉻、鈮析出物重新熔解且均勻分布，消除枝晶偏析與晶界缺鉻區而恢復耐蝕能力。由殘留應力量測結果得知，以脈衝式雷射光進行LSM，可形成熔融區，展現良好抗蝕能力，且不會導入高殘留張應力，且銲層內部仍可維持殘留壓應力狀態。經應力腐蝕測試後，LSM區域未產生任何裂紋。以上結果證明雷射表面處理為有效之修補方式。

    The Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) and Interdendritic Corrosion (IDC) cracking often happened in the nickel based alloy weldment of nuclear power plants. Laser Surface Melting (LSM) was employed to repair the decayed Alloy 82 weldment. This study concerned not only the corrosion resistance, but also the residual stress caused under different laser processing parameters. The IGC and IGSCC susceptibility of the repaired area were evaluated by the Modified Huey test and Bent-Beam Stress Corrosion Test. Hole-Drilling Method was used to measure the residual stress before and after LSM process.
    The experimental results showed that the microstructure with refined sub-grain in laser melted zone showed excellent IGC, IDC and IGSCC resistance. No crack formed in laser melted zone where Nb-rich phase and chromium carbide were resolved and redistributed. The decayed alloy 82 cladding was rejuvenated and corrosion resistance was recovered. The residual stress measurement result indicated that LSM with pulse laser induced lower residual tensile stress. The inner layer of laser melted parts produced residual compressive residual stress. Laser Surface Melting was proven to be a practical technique for repairing the decayed Alloy 82 weldment.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 總目錄 V 表目錄 VII 圖目錄 VIII 第一章 前言與文獻回顧 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 5 第二章 相關理論 9 2.1 異材金屬覆銲 9 2.2 Alloy 82銲材性質 11 2.3 銲道凝固組織理論 14 2.4 雷射表面重熔 17 2.5 Bent-Beam 應力腐蝕測試 20 2.6 應變規鑽孔法量測殘留應力 22 第三章 研究方法及步驟 28 3.1 銲材 30 3.2 GTAW覆銲及銲後熱處理 31 3.3 LSM製程 32 3.4 電解腐蝕金相 34 3.5 Modified Huey Test抗腐蝕測試 35 3.6 高速鑽孔法量測殘留應力 36 3.7 Bent-Beam 應力腐蝕試驗 38 第四章 結果與討論 40 4.1 銲件觀察 40 4.2 雷射表面重熔形貌觀察 48 4.3 Modified Huey Test測試結果 51 4.4 殘留應力量測 55 4.5 Bent-Beam 應力腐蝕測試結果 65 第五章 結論 72 第六章 參考文獻 73

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