蒿屬(Artemisia)，又稱艾屬，是一類廣泛應用於藥用的植物，其中最具代表性者為自黃花蒿(A. annua)中提煉而得的青蒿素(artemisinin)。根系微生物對植物宿主的生長發育具有關鍵影響，且部分內生共生菌可透過親代遺傳於後代中延續。儘管已有研究顯示根部的共生微生物可促進蒿屬植物合成青蒿素，然而台灣蒿屬植物的根系微生物群落結構仍未明朗化。本研究選取台灣低海拔地區生長的四種蒿屬植物：五月艾(A. indica)、茵陳蒿(A. capillaris)、濱艾(A. fukudo)及牡蒿(A. japonica)，採集其背景土壤(bulk soil)、根際土(rhizosphere)與根部(root endophere)組織樣本，並運用總體基因體學(metagenomics)分析全面解析其共生細菌群落結構特徵。結果顯示，根際土樣本的優勢菌科包括了Chitinophagaceae、Xanthobacteraceae、Vicinamibacteraceae、Sphingomonadaceae、Microscillaceae、Flavobacteriaceae以及Nitrosomonadaceae，且菌相組成與背景土壤樣本相近；相比之下，根部樣本的主要菌屬則為Rhodomicrobium、Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium及Streptomyces。儘管不同蒿屬植物的根部菌群在各分類階層上因環境影響而高度相似，我們仍篩選出837種根部特有的擴增子序列變異(amplicon sequence variant; ASV)，顯示只有少數菌種能跨物種共存。此一發現不僅暗示內共生菌可能透過垂直遺傳傳承，亦反映了內生菌群在演化過程中逐步演化出物種特異性。

The genus Artemisia includes many medicinal plants. The most famous is A. annua, which can extract artemisinin. Microbes living around and inside plant roots help plants grow, and new generations can vertically inherit some endophytic microbes. Although previous studies have suggested that root symbionts may promote artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia, the structure of these communities in Taiwanese Artemisia remains unclear. In this study, we selected four Artemisia species in Taiwan, including A. indica, A. capillaris, A. fukudo, and A. japonica. We collected samples from bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and the root. Using metagenomic sequencing, we identified the main bacterial groups at each site. In the rhizosphere, the top families were Chitinophagaceae, Xanthobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Vicinamibacteraceae, Microscillaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Nitrosomonadaceae, which were very similar to those in bulk soil. In the root endosphere, the main bacteria were Rhodomicrobium, members of the Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium group, and Streptomyces. The overall root bacterial communities were similar across some Artemisia, likely because they share the same environment. However, we identified 837 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) specific to root tissues, and only certain bacteria can live within Artemisia roots across species. Our results suggest these endophytic bacteria might be passed down through plant generations and show how they have evolved to live specifically in each host.

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