| 研究生: |
張順智 Chang, Shun-Chih |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
曾文水庫集水區近年水文特性變化之研究 A Study of Hydrological Characteristics Variation of Tseng-Wen Reservoir in Recent Years |
| 指導教授: |
呂珍謀
Leu, Jan-Mou |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系碩士在職專班 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering (on the job class) |
| 論文出版年: | 2013 |
| 畢業學年度: | 101 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 51 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 降雨量趨勢 、水資源調配 、降雨日數 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | precipitation trend, planning of water resources, rainy days |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:167 下載:6 |
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台灣降雨量世界排名前五名,但地形陡峭,山高水急,留不住水的台灣,也是聯合國水資源白皮書全世界排名第18的缺水國,台灣降雨量雖然豐沛,但降雨明顯集中於雨季,所以需靠水庫來調節分配,由於近年氣候極端事件不斷,大旱大澇亦使水庫調節日趨困難,本文研究曾文水庫集水區降雨歷年資料,利用頻率分析、移動平均等方法,找出在民國77年及92年,降雨趨勢有所改變,從5年移動平均來看,64-77年降雨量呈現下降趨勢,77-92年降雨量緩緩上升,92年後降雨量趨勢急轉直上,降雨量趨勢明顯上升。雨季降雨量趨勢上升,而旱季降雨量趨勢卻下降,顯示未來豐枯水期降雨量差異將越來越大。
對歷年降雨日數、不降雨日數及最大連續不降雨日數進行探討,亦發現降雨日數有攀升趨勢,而不降雨日數部分有下降趨勢,降雨量攀升速度大於降雨日數攀升速度,顯示洪災機率將會變高。
由64-92年與64-100年頻率分析結果,各統計分布差異性有8%之多,分析結果指出民國92年為曾文水庫集水區降雨改變之關鍵年,再針對民國92年前後各項統計量進行探討,希望藉由此研究能找出降雨改變之徵兆,對未來水資源調配及規劃有所幫助。
Although Taiwan is top five in national precipitation, Taiwan is 18th in water shortage by the United Nation Water Resources White Book because steep, high mountains result in rapid-flowing rivers which are unfavorable for water reservation. The abundant precipitation of Taiwan must be regulated and distributed by reservoirs because it is highly concentrated in wet season. Nevertheless, serious inundations and droughts in recent years has made reservoir regulation more difficult than ever. This study examines the yearly precipitation data in Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed with methods like frequency analysis and moving average. The study indicates that the precipitation trend changed in 1988 and 2003. The five-year moving average shows that the precipitation decreased during 1975-1988, slowly increased during 1988-2003 and shows a sharp increasing trend after 2003. The increasing trend in wet season precipitation and the decreasing trend in dry season precipitation indicate that the difference between wet season and dry season precipitation will increase.
The study on yearly rainy days, no-rainy days and maximum continuous no-rainy days show that rainy days show an increasing trend and no-rainy days show an decreasing trend. The increase in precipitation is faster than the increase in rainy days, so the inundation probability will increase.
The frequency analysis results of 1975-2003 and 1975-2011 show 8% variation in statistical distributions. The analysis results indicate that 2003 is the critical year in the variance of Tseng-Wen reservoir watershed precipitation. By examining various statistics before and after 2003, this study seeks the sign of precipitation change for aiding future distribution and planning of water resources.
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