| 研究生: |
吳勝男 Lim, Reggie Clarita |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
拉古納湖發展局生態旅遊計劃:問題,挑戰和解決方案 The Ecotourism Project of the Laguna Lake Development Authority: Problems, Challenges, and Solutions |
| 指導教授: |
蔣麗君
Chiang, Li-Chun |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 政治經濟研究所 Graduate Institute of Political Economy |
| 論文出版年: | 2012 |
| 畢業學年度: | 100 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 102 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Ecotourism, Sustainable Development, Laguna Lake Development Authority, Cavinti, Majayjay, Pakil, Pangil, Siniloan |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:40 下載:7 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
In this modern era, ecotourism serves as a fast growing industry in pursuing economic growth and development. It has been for the last several years a major concentration of agencies and governing bodies for enhancement and betterment as it provides the monetary gains needed for the development of the area and its residents as well. Moreover, ecotourism is an important strategy to achieve sustainable development. It not only looks at the economic side of things, the ecology side of things but also the future for both the nature and the people, too. This study looks into the problems and challenges of the ecotourism projects facilitated by the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) to the five municipalities namely: Cavinti, Majayjay, Pakil, Pangil and Siniloan. Currently, the ecotourism projects were completed and on its operational phase. Hence, the goal of the study is to identify and understand the current condition of these ecotourism projects. This includes the impacts, effects, and contributions of ecotourism. It also consists of the influences, the progression and the hindrances of ecotourism in each of the above- mentioned area. Through the fieldwork and interviews, it was discovered and shown that the five municipalities have encountered problems whether it be of environmental, economic or social in nature. Continuous of illegal logging, improper waste disposal have weathered down the ecological balance and sustainability of the environment. In addition, limited job opportunities to offer and lack of involvement of the people are some of the important matters that these municipalities are currently facing. This signifies that there is environmental degradation. Moreover, income generation has not fully maximized as seen by literally not much change in terms of community’s living standard. These conditions indicate that the ecotourism projects of these five areas have not yet fully reached its maximum potential benefit as well as has not achieve the sustainable development. The research suggest to strengthen its initiatives and strategies by establishing partnership with other agencies that deals with tourism as well as forming of provincial and municipal policies for ecotourism to further enhance and improve its existing project and future plans and at the same involve the people so that all stakeholders will work and participate together in upcoming programs in which could lead the path toward sustainable development. It recommends a hands-on approach and strict implementation of ecotourism policies, rules or plans that shall be made to enhance good governance of each project and to ensure a better future for sustainability development and the lives of the residents as well.
REFERENCES
About My Planet. (2008). Effects of Ecotourism. Retrieved from
http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/environment/effects-ecotourism/, March 26, 2012.
Alampay, R .B. A. & Libosada, C. M., Jr. (2003). Development of a Classification Framework on
Ecotourism Initiatives in the Philippines. PASCN Discussion Paper NO. 2003-04, pp. 14-15.
Bacal, P. Advantages and Difficulties in Optimizing the Management of Rural Tourism. Recent
Researches in Tourism and Economic Development, pp. 506-510.
Barna, Cristina et al. (2011). Ecotourism- conservation of the natural and cultural heritage. Review of
Applied Socio-Economic Research, 1 (1), pp. 87- 96.
Bechhofer, F. & Paterson, L. (2000). Principles of Research Design in the Social Scienc.. London:
Routledge, pp. 91-103.
Beeton, S. (1998). Ecotourism: A Practical Guide for Rural Communities. Australia: Brown Prior
Anderson, pp. 1-2.
Bensoussan, B. E. & Fleisher, C. (2008). Analysis Without Paralysis: 10 Tools to make Better Strategic
Decisions. New Jersey: FT Press, pp. 190-197.
Berno, T. & Bricker K. (2001). Sustainable Tourism Development: The Long Road From Theory to
Practice. International Journal of Economic Development, 3 (3), pp. 1-18.
Benefits of Ecotourism. Effects of Ecotourism. Retrieved from
http://www.benefitsofecotourism.com/benefits-of-ecotourism/effects-of-ecotourism/, December 13, 2011.
Butcher, J. (2006). Natural Capital and the Advocacy of Ecotourism as Sustainable Development. Journal
of Sustainable Tourism, 14 (6), pp. 629-644.
Chen Ng, M.A. 10.2. The Ethics and Attitudes towards Ecotourism in the Philippines. Retrieved from
http://www.eubios.info/ABC4/abc4313.htm, December 12, 2011.
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni & Powell, Ronald R. (2010). Basic Research Methods for Librarians. USA:
Greenwood Publishing Group.
De Castro-Reyes, Ma. L. Participatory Planning for the Establishment of Taytay Falls and Its Vicinities
in Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Projected Landscape as Ecotourism Site. Retrieved from
http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/files/taytay_falls.pdf, March 29, 2012
Department of Health. Manila. Health Care Waste Management Manual. p. 73. Retrieved from
http://portal1.doh.gov.ph/files/Health_Care_Waste_Management_Manual.pdf, December 13, 2011.
Diamantis, D. (1999). The Concept of Ecotourism: Evolution and Trends. Current Issues in Tourism. 2
(2&3), pp. 93-122.
Dr. Foong, LM. How to Perform a SWOT Analysis: Gathering & Using SWOT Data. Retrieved from
http://www.swotmatrix.com/perform-swot-analysis.html, May 23, 2012.
Eagles, P. F. J. (1992). The Travel Motivations of Canadian Ecotourist. Journal of Travel Research, 31
(3), pp. 3-7.
Feasibility Study Proposed Cavinti Ecotourism Project (2003). Municipality of Cavinti, Laguna
Feasibility Study of the Siniloan Environment Sub-Project. Philippines: LLDA
Fennell, D. A. (2008). Ecotourism. – Third edition. USA: Routledge, pp.1-25.
Fennell, D. A. & Dowling, R. K. (2003). Ecotourism Policy and Planning. United Kingdom: CABI
Publishing, pp. 1-20; 331-344.
Focus Group Discussion. Conducting Focus Group Discussion. Retrieved from
http://www.etr.org/tabono/images/files/basic%20evaluation%20on%20focus%20groups.pdf, December 13, 2011.
Frugal Monkey. Negatives of Ecotourism Worldwide. Retrieved from
http://www.frugalmonkey.com/green-travel/negatives-of-ecotourism-worldwide.html, March 27, 2012.
Gale, T. & Hill, J. (2009). Ecotourism and Environmental Sustainability: An Introduction. UK: Ashgate
Publishing Limited, pp. 3-15.
Gaymans, H. & Hikes, V. (1999). The Ecotourism Equation: Measuring the Impacts---Five Parameters of
Ecotourism. Environment Research, pp. 160-168.
Goeldner, C. R. & Ritchie, B. J .R. (2009). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies- Eleventh Eds.
New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter 1.
Gonzalo, R. P. A. Exploring Social Enterprises as partners for Ecotourism Development in the
Philippines. Retrieved from http://iscthlr.turismo.wu-wien.ac.at/files/papers/p95_fullpaper.pdf, December 13, 2011.
Goodwin, H. (1996). In Pursuit of Ecotourism. Biodiversity and Conservation, 5 (3), pp. 277-291.
Hedrick, Lori W. (2008). Ecotourism Sustainability. UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional
Papers/Capstones, Paper 483, pp. 3-18.
Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy & Leavy, Patricia. (2011). The Practice of Qualitative Research --Second
Edition. SAGE Publication, Inc.
Jacobson, S. K. & Robles, F. (1992). Profile: Ecotourism, Sustainable Development, and Conservation
Education: Development of a Tour Guide Training Program in Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Environmental Management. 16 (6), pp. 701-713.
Jiang, J.J. (2008). Evaluation of the Potential of Ecotourism to Contribute to Local Development: A Case
Study of Tengtou Village, China. New Zealand: Massey University.
Jitpakdee, R. & Thapa, G. B. (2012). Sustainability Analysis of Ecotourism on Yao Noi Island, Thailand.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 17 (3), pp. 301-325.
Kent, M. (2003). Ecotourism, Environmental Preservation and Conflicts over Natural Resources.
Anthropological Horizons, Porto Alegre, 9 (20), pp. 185-203.
Laguna Lake Development Authority. About us: Laguna Lake Development Authority. Retrieved from
http://www.llda.gov.ph/aboutus.shtml, December 13, 2011.
Laguna Lake Authority Development. About Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community
Participation Project. Retrieved from http://www.llda.gov.ph/liscop_c1.html, December 6, 2011.
Laguna Lake Development Authority. (2005). Laguna de Bay Environment Monitor. Philippines: Laguna
Lake Development Authority, pp.1-2.
Laguna Lake Development Authority. Projects: Laguna Lake Development Authority. Retrieved from
http://www.llda.gov.ph/index.html, December 13, 2011.
Leuterio, F. C. (2007). Introduction to Tourism. Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc., pp. 2-5.
Lintang Buana Tourism Services. Ecotourism: Negative impact of tourism. Retrieved from
http://www.lintangbuanatours.com/index.php/ecotourism-negative-impact-of-tourism.html, March 27, 2012.
Morgan, D. (1999). Ecotourism- Fad or Future for Tourism? Retrieved from
http://www.bgci.org/education/article/371/, March 20, 2012.
Merriam, Sharan B. (2009). Qualitative research: a Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
Moinuddin, G. & Begum, H. (2004). Eco-tourism: An Investigation into the Conceptual Framework and
Policy Requirements for it Growth in Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar Planning Review, 2, pp. 67-82.
National Statistics Office. 2010 Census and Housing Population. Retrieved from
http://www.census.gov.ph/data/census2010/index.html, April 9, 2012.
National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB). Province: Laguna—Municipalities and Cities: Income
Class. Retrieved from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provcode=043400000®Name=REGION%20IV-A%20(CALABARZON), December 2, 2011.
National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB). Income Classification of Provinces, Cities and
Municipalities. Retrieved from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/DepOrderReclass.pdf , December 13, 2011.
Ochola, W. O. & Nyariki, D. (2010). Natural Resource Project Planning and Managment. Managing
Natural Resources for Development in Africa: A Resource Book. –edited by Ochola, W .O, Sangina, P.C. & Bekalo, I. Kenya: University of Nairobi Press (UONP), p.322.
Pahl, N. & Richter, A. (2009). SWOT Analysis- Idea, Methodology and a Practical Approach. Scholarly
Research Paper, p. 1-15.
Pearce, D., Barbier, E., & Markandya, A. (1990). Sustainable Development: Economics and Environment
in the Third World. Great Britain: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, pp. 2-4.
Pratiwi, S. (2006). Local Community Participation in Ecotourism Development: A Critical Analysis of
Selected Published Literature. Tropical Forest Manage Journal, 12 (2), pp. 69-77.
Ritchie, J. & Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and
Researchers. SAGE Publication Ltd.
Ritchie, Brent W. (2003). Aspects of Tourism: Managing Educational Tourism. Great Britain: Channel
View Publications, pp. 2-4.
Rogers, P. P., Jalal, K.F. & Boyd, J. A. (2008). An Introduction to Sustainable Development. U.K.: Glen
Educational Foundation, Inc.
Roosa, S. A. (2010). Sustainable Development Handbook- 2nd edition. USA: The Fairmont Press, Inc.,
pp. 43-45.
Ross, S. & Wall, G. (1999). Ecotourism towards Congruence between theory and practice. Tourism
Management, 20, pp. 123-132.
Santos-Borja, A. Laguna de Bay: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. p. 226.
SEA Consultant (2008). Material Recovery Facility and Eco-Heritage Tourism Sub-Project Feasibility
Study (Pakil). Philippines: SEA Consultant Inc.
SEA Consultant (2008). Material Recovery Facility and Eco-Tourism Feasibility Study, Pangil (2008).
Philippines: SEA Consultant Inc.
Singh, J. (2010). Ecotourism. New Delhi: I.K. International Publishing House Pvt, Ltd., pp. 41-66.
Strassmann, Paul A. (1995). The Politics of Information Management: Policy Guidelines. USA: The
information Economic Press, pp. 1-7.
Teves, M.B. (2008). Prescribing the New Income Brackets for the Re-classification of Provinces, Cities
and Municipalities and Amending for the Purpose Department of Finance Order No. 20-05, dated July 29, 2005. p. 3.
The International Ecotourism Society. What is Ecotourism? Retrieved from
http://www.ecotourism.org/site/c.orLQKXPCLmF/b.4835303/k.BEB9/What_is_Ecotourism__The_International_Ecotourism_Society.htm, December 13, 2011.
The World Bank Group. Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and Community Participation
(LISCOP) Project. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHILIPPINES/Resources/LISCOP.pdf, December 13, 2011.
Travel Industry Dictionary. Types of Tourism. Retrieved from http://www.travel-industry-
dictionary.com/types-of-tourism.html, December 12, 2011.
Tsaur, S. H., Lin, Y. C. & Lin, J.H. (2006). Evalauating Ecotourim Sustainability from the Integrated
Perspective of Resource, Community and Tourism. Tourism Management, 27, pp. 640-653.
United Nations. (2007). Study on the Role of Tourism in Socio-economic Development. New York: United
Nations, p. 4.
United Nations. (2001). Managing Sustainable Tourism Development. ESCAP Tourism Review, (22), p. 5.
Wood, M. E. (2002). Ecotourism: Principles, Practices & Policies for Sustainability. United Nations
Publication, pp. 7-16.
Weaver, D. (2002). The Evolving Concept of Ecotourism and its Potential Impacts. International Journal
of Sustainable Development 2002, 5 (3), pp. 251-264.
Wall, G. (1997). Is Ecotourism Sustainable? Environmental Management, 21 (4), pp. 483-491.
Weinberg, A., Bellows, S. & Ekster, D. (2002). Sustaining Ecotourism: Insights and Implications from
Two Succesful Case Studies. Society & Natural Resources, 15 (4), pp. 371-380.
Woodfields Consultant, 2005. Feasibility Study and Detailed Architectural and Engineering Design for
the Majayjay Falls Ecotourism Sub-Project. Woodfields Consultants, Inc.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, p. 43.
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). Why Tourism? Retrieved from
http://www2.unwto.org/en/content/why-tourism, June 28, 2012.
Zambrano, A. M. A., Broadbent, E. N., & Durham, W. H. (2010). Social and Environmental effects of
Ecotourism in the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica: The Lapa Rios Case. Journal of Ecotourist, 9(1), pp. 62-83.