全球每年平均氣溫持續上升，戶外作業高氣溫勞工是引發熱疾病之高危險族群，特別是營建業作業勞工，在長期暴露在高氣溫、高濕度、低空氣流動，及無遮蔭處的環境下，更容易產生熱衰竭、熱痙攣、及中暑等熱危害。因此，為瞭解熱環境之變化，目前已有諸多量測熱環境的感測器，不過因反應時間較長，導致無法即時瞭解現場的熱壓力分布，除此之外，因營建高變動的環境與多元的作業內容，難以準確評估勞工的熱生理危害狀況（如熱蓄積和脫水）。因此，本研究旨在開發營建業戶外高氣溫作業勞工熱生理危害評估即時監測技術，除了解決傳統儀器長時間反應之限制，達成即時追蹤勞工生理危害狀況，減少戶外作業勞工之熱危害風險。本研究針對105位勞工(28位鋼筋工、14位水泥灌漿工、28位模板工、10位施工架工、15位清潔工與10位穿著風扇背心之模板工)進行問卷調查與即時監測評估勞工之熱暴露，首先透過問卷進行描述性統計與結構方程式模式 (Structral equation model, SEM) 探討勞工對熱危害的知識、態度、行為以及當日工作的情況，接著利用ISO 7243之熱壓力 (Heat stress) 、ISO 8996之心率 (Heart rate) 轉換代謝率 (Metabolic rate) 與ISO 7933之預測熱應變模式 (Predicted Heat Strain model, PHS) 計算熱蓄積 (Thermal storage)，推估勞工之允許暴露時間 (Allowable Exposure Time, AET)，同時調查勞工實際工作之熱感知 (Thermal perception) 。數據分析使用敏感度分析 (Sensitive analysis) 找出AET之最大影響因子，以及使用時間序列分析 (Time series analysis) 探討熱蓄積與熱感知之趨勢分布。本研究問卷結果顯示，勞工針對睡眠與補充水分及電解質有非常好的自我防護意識；結構方程式分析結果也呈現每個構面對於睡眠(1.44、1.37)與補充電解質(2.16、1.77)等題項有好的正相關。然而，現場勞工可能因知識不足，導致與態度及行為之二構面(-2.49、-1.12)呈現負影響，建議加強勞工對熱危害之相關知識，以減少熱危害之風險。此外，模板、鋼筋、水泥灌漿、施工架、清潔與模板(風扇背心)六個工種當中，水泥灌漿的平均代謝率為162.50 W/m2，熱蓄積達37.94 °C，使得該族群之容許暴露時間僅66.07 mins，為優先改善之族群，敏感度以代謝率 (Metabolic rate, M) 最高，因此應針對勞工熱負荷 (Work load) 進行改善，以嘗試降低勞工之代謝率。最後，熱蓄積與熱感知的趨勢結果，以「即時」的正相關性(0.119)最好，當勞工在工作時，一旦體溫上升至危及健康之程度時，會立即感到不適。

Global temperatures continue to rise, putting outdoor workers, especially those in construction, at high risk for heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heatstroke. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, high humidity, poor airflow, and lack of shade further increases these risks. This study aims to develop real-time monitoring technology to assess heat-related physiological hazards for construction workers. By addressing the slow response times of traditional instruments, this technology enables timely tracking of workers' conditions, reducing the risk of heat-related injuries. A total of 105 workers (28 rebar workers, 14 grouting workers, 28 formworkers, 10 scaffolders, 15 cleaners, and 10 fan jacket-wearing formworkers) were surveyed and monitored. Heat exposure was analyzed using Structural equation modeling (SEM), ISO standards (ISO 7243 for heat stress, ISO 8996 for metabolic rate, and ISO 7933 for predicted heat strain), sensitivity analysis, and time series analysis to evaluate thermal storage, thermal perception, and allowable exposure time (AET). Survey results indicated strong self-awareness regarding hydration and sleep but revealed a lack of sufficient knowledge, negatively impacting attitudes and behaviors. Among the six worker groups, grouting workers had the highest metabolic rate (162.50 W/m²) and thermal storage (37.94°C), leading to an AET of only 66.07 minutes, making them the priority group for intervention. Sensitivity analysis identified metabolic rate as the most influential factor on AET, underscoring the importance of managing workload to reduce risks. Time series analysis revealed a significant real-time correlation (0.119) between thermal storage and thermal perception, indicating workers feel discomfort immediately when body temperature rises to hazardous levels. These findings highlight the importance of real-time monitoring and targeted interventions to enhance worker safety in high-temperature environments.

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