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研究生： 陳宇修
Chen, Yu-Hsiu
論文名稱： 廢輪胎裂解油品氧化脫硫淨零之研究
Study on Oxidative Desulfurization and Net-Zero Emissions of Pyrolysis Oil Derived from Waste Tires
指導教授： 陳偉聖
Chen, Wei-Sheng
學位類別： 博士
Doctor
系所名稱： 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年： 2026
畢業學年度： 114
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 228
中文關鍵詞： 淨水污泥 、六價鐵 、氧化脫硫 、廢輪胎熱裂解油 、淨零排放
外文關鍵詞： water treatment sludge, hexavalent iron, oxidative desulfurization, waste tire pyrolysis oil, net-zero emissions
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    • 能源與環境永續為當前全球經濟發展之關鍵議題。廢輪胎熱裂解油品雖具有高熱值（41~46 MJ／kg）之燃料潛力，但其高濃度有機硫化物限制後續應用；同時，淨水處理過程產生之污泥處置亦為一大環境負擔。本研究旨在建立「以廢治廢」之循環經濟模式，利用彰化和美第三淨水場富含鐵、錳之淨水污泥製備六價鐵氧化劑，針對廢輪胎熱裂解油進行氧化脫硫研究，並透過生命週期評估探討其淨零排放路徑。
    結果分為兩大階段：首先進行氧化脫硫最佳化參數試驗，接著建構碳資訊揭露系統以評估環境衝擊。實驗結果顯示，以濕式氧化法製備之六價鐵，在最佳操作條件（莫耳比9:9:1、pH 5、乳化頭轉速3,200 rpm、反應溫度60 ℃及反應時間30分鐘）下，可將實際廢輪胎裂解油之含硫量由8,812.03 ppm降至6,217.48 ppm，脫硫效率約為29.44％。第二部分在環境效益評估方面，生命週期評估結果揭示，雖然廢輪胎裂解油本身具有較低之碳足跡（約0.31~0.67 kgCO2-eq.／L），但經本研究之氧化脫硫程序後，單位油品之碳足跡大幅攀升至26.53 kgCO2-eq.／L，各生命週期階段碳足跡由大至小依序為原料階段85.96％、製程階段7.18％、運輸階段6.84％、最終處置階段0.02％。
    綜上所述，本研究證實以淨水污泥製備氧化劑去除油品硫化物在技術上具可行性，但在現行製程條件下，因化學藥品與能源投入極高，其環境碳成本遠高於脫硫帶來之效益。如以連續超音波輔助氧化脫硫相較於本研究之氧化脫硫程序可減少74.51％，更具有低碳效益，未來研究可著重於提升氧化效率、選取低碳排化學試劑之使用及優化能源效率，方能實踐廢棄物資源化與淨零排放之目標。

    This study aims to establish a “waste-treats-waste” circular economy model by utilizing iron- and manganese-rich water treatment sludge from the Changhua Hemei Third Water Treatment Plant to synthesize Ferrate (VI) as an oxidant. This oxidant was applied in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil (WTPO), and its net-zero emission pathways were explored through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).
    Experimental results indicate that Ferrate (VI) prepared via the wet oxidation method, under optimal operating conditions (molar ratio of 9:9:1, pH 5, emulsifier speed of 3,200 rpm, reaction temperature of 60°C, and a reaction time of 30 minutes), reduced the sulfur content of raw WTPO from 8,812.03 ppm to 6,217.48 ppm, achieving a desulfurization efficiency of approximately 29.44%.
    The LCA results revealed that while WTPO initially possesses a relatively low carbon footprint (approximately 0.31–0.67 kgCO₂-eq./L), the carbon footprint per unit of oil escalated significantly to 26.53 kgCO₂-eq./L following the ODS process developed in this study. The distribution of the carbon footprint across life cycle stages was as follows: raw material stage (85.96%), manufacturing process stage (7.18%), transportation stage (6.84%), and final disposal stage (0.02%).
    Compared to the ODS process in this study, continuous ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization could potentially reduce carbon emissions by 74.51%, offering superior low-carbon benefits.

    中文摘要 II Abstract III 誌謝 VII 目錄 VIII 表目錄 XI 圖目錄 XV 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究目的 5 第二章 文獻回顧 6 2.1 廢輪胎現況 6 2.1.1 廢輪胎回收技術 7 2.2 淨水污泥 8 2.2.1 淨水場污泥生成機制 9 2.2.2 淨水場污泥回收技術 11 2.3 硫氧化物 13 2.3.1 硫氧化物生成機制 14 2.3.2 硫氧化物對人體影響 14 2.3.3 硫氧化物相關法規 15 2.4 現行油品脫硫技術 16 2.4.1 加氫脫硫法 16 2.4.2 生物脫硫法 18 2.4.3 吸附脫硫法 19 2.4.4 氧化脫硫法 20 2.5 氧化脫硫氧化劑-六價鐵 22 2.5.1 六價鐵之物理特性 23 2.5.2 六價鐵之化學特性 24 2.5.3 六價鐵之製備 27 2.5.4 六價鐵之應用 32 2.6 生命週期評估 33 2.6.1 生命週期評估起源 33 2.6.2 生命週期評估理論與架構 36 2.5.2.1 生命週期目標與範疇界定 38 2.5.2.2 生命週期盤查分析 40 2.5.2.3 生命週期衝擊評估 40 2.5.2.4 生命週期闡釋 42 2.6.3 生命週期衝擊評估模式 43 2.6.3.1 Eco-indicator 99 43 2.6.3.2 Impact 2002+ 50 2.6.3.3 Environmental Footprint 3.1 54 2.7 淨零碳排路徑 58 2.7.1 碳足跡 58 第三章 研究方法 60 3.1 研究架構 60 3.2 試驗設備及器材 62 3.2.1 試驗藥品 62 3.2.2 試驗設備 63 3.2.3 樣品分析儀器 64 3.3 淨水污泥中鐵錳之浸析之試驗 69 3.4 製備氧化劑試驗 70 3.4.1 淨水污泥製備氧化劑 70 3.5 氧化脫硫系統 73 3.5.1氧化流程 74 3.6 生命週期評估 80 3.6.1 生命週期評估資料庫 80 3.6.2 生命週期評估流程 83 3.6.3 生命週期評價方法 84 3.6.3.1 環境衝擊評估 85 3.6.3.2 碳足跡 85 3.7 系統條件定義 90 3.7.1 系統範疇界定 90 3.7.2 情境分析與相關假設條件 91 3.7.2.1 情境分析 91 3.7.2.2 系統假設條件 92 3.7.3 資料來源與處理 100 3.7.3.1 資料彙整 100 第四章 結果與討論 102 4.1 廢輪胎熱裂解油品氧化脫硫參數試驗 102 4.1.1 廢輪胎熱裂解油品氧化脫硫試驗分析 103 4.2 廢輪胎熱裂解油品氧化脫硫生命週期盤查分析 105 4.2.1 本研究氧化脫硫試驗原料階段探討 105 4.2.1.1 原料階段碳足跡分析 106 4.2.1.2 原料階段環境衝擊分析 110 4.2.2 氧化脫硫試驗製程階段探討 126 4.2.2.1 製程階段碳足跡分析 126 4.2.2.2 製程階段環境衝擊分析 129 4.2.3 氧化脫硫試驗化學藥品運輸階段探討 140 4.2.3.1 運輸階段碳足跡分析 140 4.2.3.2 運輸階段環境衝擊分析 143 4.2.4 氧化脫硫試驗最終處置階段探討 154 4.2.4.1 最終處置階段碳足跡分析 154 4.2.4.2 最終處置階段環境衝擊分析 155 4.2.5 小結 164 4.3 研究個案油品與傳統燃料油品模擬 177 4.3.1 個案油品未脫硫前與傳統燃料油品碳足跡差異 177 4.3.2 個案油品經氧化脫硫與傳統燃料油品碳足跡之差異 178 4.4 個案油品減碳效益情形分析 180 4.4.1 個案油品氧化脫硫試驗敏感度分析 180 4.4.2 個案油品氧化脫硫試驗減碳效益分析 183 4.5 綜合討論 189 第五章 結論與建議 191 5.1 結論 191 5.2 建議 192 參考文獻 193

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