庇護性就業其最終的希望是庇護性就業者得以在技能提升以後回到一般
競爭性職場，但是台灣庇護工場不但庇護性就業職缺少而且庇護性員工轉銜至一般職場的比率更是偏低約只有3.2％，本研究的目的是探討庇護工場庇護性員工成功轉銜的關鍵因素及應用這些關鍵因素找出適合的評估構面及準則，並找出最適合的最終選擇方案，期待能有助於改善及提升庇護工場的轉銜成功率，讓庇護工場庇護性就業職缺能成為活水，使更多身心障礙者能經由庇護工場的協助找回生命的意義及價值。
經由文獻探討、綜合職業重建專業人士的意見及本身實際參與庇護工場轉
銜的實務經驗遴選出28 項庇護性員工成功轉銜的關鍵因素並最終歸納出3 個構面準則及9 個次準則及3 個最終選擇方案，本研究採用ANP 為研究方法，問卷填答的專家則以實際參與庇護工場庇護性員工轉銜至一般職場的相關人員為主。
研究結果顯示不論是以何準則為基礎下，個案準備(B1)都是具有較高權重
值，表示在進行庇護性員工成功轉銜關鍵因素各準則間考慮，個案準備(B1)應該要特別優先加以考慮，庇護性員工成功轉銜的關鍵因素中「工作技能(C1)」、「工作行為與態度(C3)」及「技能支持(C7)」是佔最優位階，而在「依個案條件媒合外部職場」、「依外部職場需求訓練個案」及「機構內部直接轉銜」三個選擇方案中，最終權重值的結果數字表顯示，「依外部職場需求訓練個案」是庇護性員工成功轉銜的最適決策方案，但是三個方案最終數值差異不大，意謂著其間無太大的區別性。本研究亦根據研究結果對庇護工場及職業重建人員提出建議，即為確保轉銜至一般職場的庇護性員工得以在一般職場長期穩定就業，在輔導庇護性員工提升就業能力時，應首重個案良好工作行為與態度的養成。
關鍵詞：庇護工場、庇護性就業、職業重建、轉銜

SUMMARY
The ultimate hope of sheltered employment is the entry or reentry of sheltered employees to a competitive employment market after skill enhancement. Unfortunately, there is a lack of sheltered employment opportunities in Taiwan and the rate of sheltered employees transferring from sheltered employment to unsheltered employment is only around 3.2 %. This work aims to investigate the critical factors affecting successful transition of sheltered employees from sheltered employment to unsheltered employment, and applying these critical factors to find out appropriate evaluation dimensions and criteria to determine suitable option, in expectation of increasing the rate of successful transition from sheltered employment to unsheltered employment. It aims at providing continuous sheltered employment for persons with disabilities in order to help them find the meaning and value of their lives back.
This work has selected 28 critical factors for the successful transition of sheltered employees to unsheltered employment, identified three dimension criteria, nine second criteria and three final options based on literature review, opinions of vocational rehabilitation professionals and empirical experience of transition from sheltered employment back to career. Analytic Network Process (ANP) is applied to analyze the questionnaires that are responded by persons who participate in the transition from sheltered employment to unsheltered employment.
The results have shown that “case preparation” has higher weight value under any criteria; “skills for work”, “work behavior and attitude” and “skill support” are the most important critical factors for successful transition of sheltered employees to career. Among the three options “Matching unsheltered jobs based on the condition of each case”, “Developing training programs based on requirements of job market” and “Transferring within institutions”, the option “Developing training programs based on requirement of job market” is the best solution for successful transition of unsheltered employees with reference to the final weight values, although there is only a slight difference in weight value between among the three options.
Keywords: sheltered workshop, sheltered employment, vocational rehabilitation, transition

參考文獻
中文文獻
丁志達（2008）。招募管理。台北：揚智。
王雲東, 英國身心障礙者職業重建制度, 就業安全, 2005-2, pp108-113
各地方政府庇護工場業務情形調查表(106 年1-6 月)，勞動力發展署全球資訊網
-身心障礙者庇護性就業服務，
https://www.wda.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=69CA9940FDCD788E
全國庇護工場名冊 (106 年9 月) ，勞動力發展署全球資訊網-身心障礙者庇護
性就業服務，https://www.wda.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=69CA9940FDCD788E
行政院勞動部統計處（104-05-29）。103 年身心障礙者勞動狀況調查。取自
https://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/2462/19476/19060/
行政院勞動部勞動力發展署臺灣就業通（2017）。庇護性就業。取自
https://www.taiwanjobs.gov.tw/Internet/jobtraining/docDetail.aspx?uid=313&pid=3
02&docid=15245
吳明宜、林真平，庇護工場轉銜至一般性職場就業之實證探討，勞動部勞動力
發展署印行，2016 年1 月8 日
吳明宜、林真平、陳樺萱、莊巧玲、黃國裕、范文昇、林雅玲（高屏澎東區身
心障礙者職業重建服務資源中心），從身心障礙者庇護工場到一般職場轉銜輔
導工作手冊，勞動部勞動力發展署印行，2016 年11 月
59
李宜樺(2007)。我國庇護工場經營管理現況與困境。國立中正大學勞工研究所
碩士論文，未出版，嘉義
庇護工場業務情形調查（105 年），勞動力發展署全球資訊網-身心障礙者庇護
性就業服務，https://www.wda.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=69CA9940FDCD788E
身心障礙者庇護工場設立管理及補助準則，2016 年03 月30 日
身心障礙者權益保障法，2015 年12 月16 日
周怡君、賴金蓮，台灣庇護工場現況分析：理論與實務，心路社福基金會，
2009/10/01
林慶仁，2003，由美國庇護工廠的發展看台灣推動的願景。就業安全，二卷一
期，頁83-90。
孫碧霞、廖秋芬、董國光譯，作者： Sharon M. Oster，非營利組織策略管理，
洪葉文化，2005 年1 月1 日
馬愷之（2005），《德國庇護工場政策及發展趨勢》，臺北市：行政院勞工委員
會職業訓練局。
張魁峯, 2017-05-05，Super Decisions 軟體操作手冊~以ANP 突破AHP 的研究
限制(2 版)
郭亞陵，社會企業運作方式及可行性分析—以台北市庇護工場為例，國立臺北
大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士
陳君榜，由庇護工場營運計畫申請書探討我國庇護工場現況，碩士學位論文，
60
國立台灣科技大學工業管理系，2003。
陳玫玲（2004）。身心障礙者的社區照顧—社區支持性就業服務之困境與建議。
社區發展季刊，106，245-259。
陳靜江（2006）美國庇護工場興衰對國內身心障礙者就業的啟示，就業安全5
（2）：88～93。
黃啟胤，智能障礙者庇護工場之探討-以IE 為方法 [東海大學社會工作學系
所] 碩博士論文 2010
葉東豐（2008）。《精神障礙者庇護性就業服務模式之研究：以服務供給者觀點
為例》。東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
衛生福利部統計處（106-05-04）。身心障礙者人數統計。取自
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-1745-3328-113.html
鄧振源(2005)。計畫評估-方法與應用(2 版)。台中市：鼎茂經銷
鄧振源，2005，計畫評估：方法應用(第二版)，海洋大學運籌規劃與管理研究
中心。
學位論文，2008
聯合國身心障礙者權利公約〈CRPD〉，第二十七條工作和就業
61
英文文獻
Bates-Harris, Cheryl(2012). National Disability Rights Network,
Chan, F., Thomas, K., & Berven, N. (2004). Counseling theories and techniques for
rehabilitation health professionals. New York: Springer.
Cimera, R. E. (2007). The cost-effectiveness of supported employment and
sheltered workshops in Wisconsin (FY 2002 - FY2005). Journal of Vocational
Rehabilitation, 26, 153-158.
Cimera, R. E. (2008). The cost-trends of supported employment versus sheltered
employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 28, 15-20.
Cimera, R. E. (2011). Does being in sheltered workshops improve the employment
outcomes of supported employees with intellectual disabilities? Journal of
Vocational Rehabilitation, 35, 21-27.
Corthell, D. W., & Griswold, P. P. (1987). The use of vocational evaluation in VR.
Research and Training Center, Stout Vocational Rehabilitation Institute,
University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA
Dague, B. (2012). Sheltered employment, sheltered lives: Family perspectives of
conversion to community-based employment. Journal of Vocational
Rehabilitation, 37(1), 1-11.
Frank Parsons (1909). Choosing a Vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Co.,. —Posthumously published.
62
Hsu, T., Huang Y., & Ososkie, J. (2009). Challenges in transition from sheltered
workshop to competitive employment: Perspectives of Taiwan social enterprise
transition specialists. Journal of Rehabilitation, 75(4), 19-26.
HYDE（1998）, MARKSheltered and Supported Employment in the 1990s: The
experiences of disabled workers in the UK， Pages 199-215 | Published online:
01 Jul 2010
Kober, R., & Eggleton, I. R. (2005). The effect of different types of employment on
quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 756-760.
McGaughey, M. J., Kiernan, W. E., McNally, L. C., & Gilmore, D. S. (1993).
Migliore, A., Grossi, T., Mank, D., & Rogan, P. (2008). Why do adults with
intellectual disabilities work in sheltered workshops?. Journal of Vocational
Rehabilitation, 28(1), 29-40.
Migliore, A., Mank, D., Grossi, T., & Rogan, P. (2007). Integrated employment or
sheltered workshops: Preferences of adults with intellectual disabilities, their
families, and staff. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 5-19.
Mirable, R. (1997). Everything you wanted to know about competency modeling.
Murphy, S. T., & Rogan, P. M. (1995). Closing the shop: Conversion from sheltered
to integrated work. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
National Disability Rights Network (2012). Segregated and exploited: The failure of
the disability service system to provide quality work. Journal of Vocational
Rehabilitation, 36, 39-64.
63
National perspectives on integrated employment: State MR/DD agency trends.
Boston, MA: Training and Research Institute for People with Disabilities.
Power, P. W. (2006). A guide to vocational assessment (4th edition). Austin, TX:
Pro-ed.
Rusch, F. R., Braddock, D. (2004). Adult day programs versus supported
employment (1988–2002): Spending and service practices of mental
retardation and developmental disabilities state agencies. Research and Practice
for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29, 237–242. Google Scholar, Link
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior
performance. New York: John Wiley &Sons.
T. L. Saaty (1986), Axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process.
Management Science, 32, 841–855.
T. L. Saaty (2001), The Analytic Network Process: Decision Making With
Dependence and Feedback, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh.
T. L. Saaty and Vargas, L.G., (1980), Decision Making with the analytic Network
process: economics, political, social and technological application with
benefits, opportunities, costs and risks, Spring Science + Business, USA
T. L. Saaty, Decision Making for Leaders: The Analytic Hierarchy Process for
Decisions in a Complex World, 3rd Ed., RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, 2001
(1st Ed. in 1982).
T. L. Saaty, Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic
Hierarchy Process, RWS Publications, Pittsburgh, 1996.
Training and Development, 51(8), 73-77.
Wehman, P., & Moon, M. S. (1988). Vocational rehabilitation and supported
employment. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
64