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研究生： 黃建誌
Huang, Chien-Chih
論文名稱： 國際海運業競合賽局之研究
The Coopetition Game in International Liner Shipping
指導教授： 林東盈
Lin, Dung-Ying
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 118
中文關鍵詞： 競合策略 、海洋運輸 、國際航運 、對角線法 、上升法 、逆向歸納法
外文關鍵詞： Coopetition, Maritime freight, International shipping, Jacobi approach, Ascent heuristic, Backward induction
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    • 海洋運輸業的市場環境日益競爭，營運規模較大的業者採取日班化的營運模式改善效率並降低成本，此經營模式對市場上其餘運輸業者造成衝擊，並促使策略聯盟的形成，此策略聯盟除了達到減少營運成本與增加經濟規模的目的外，更同時增加網路覆蓋率以改善服務量。然而，彼此合作雖然改善了營運效率，但他們也必須在此策略聯盟中彼此競爭，在此環境下，國際海運業將發展為競合賽局的型式。
    為了系統性的分析此問題，本論文提供以國際海運業為特徵的數學模型，包含競合賽局模型與單一廠商非線性混合整數規劃的競合模型，為了有效率的求解此問題，我們採用對角線法(diagonalization)與上升搜尋(ascent direction searching)演算法進行求解，數據結果顯示競爭成本影響競爭程度，但合作成本同時影響競爭與合作的程度，而業者們在相同條件下選擇相似的合作程度以致最大化自身利潤，競合賽局最終將達到均衡。

    In maritime freight transportation, because the leading carrier proposes the daily frequency operational model, small carriers cooperate with each other so that they can compete with the leading carrier and improve their service quality. While cooperating with others, these carriers simultaneously compete with cooperative carriers. In this scenario, a game of coopetition is formed. To systematically analyze this problem, we formulate a nonlinear mixed integer program to determine the optimal levels of coopetition for a single company and embed the resulting program into a general game theoretic framework. A diagonalization algorithm that incorporates an ascent direction searching technique is developed to evaluate the game effectively. The numerical results show that carriers choose similar coopetition levels to maximize their profit, and the coopetition game can reach equilibrium in general conditions. Furthermore, it is observed that the competition cost impacts the competition level and that the cooperation cost impacts both cooperation and competition levels

    ABSTRACT I 摘要 II 誌謝 III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES VIII LIST OF FIGURES IX CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Purpose 3 1.3 Overview 4 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Conventional Optimization Techniques in the Maritime Freight Transportation Industry 6 2.2 Code-sharing Practice in the International Airline Service 8 2.3 Game Theory Framework 8 2.4 Summary 10 CHAPTER 3. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 11 3.1 Basic Coopetition Game Model : Model (I) 11 3.1.1 Notation for Model (I) 12 3.1.2 Backward Induction 13 3.1.3 Equilibrium Condition for Model (I) 14 3.1.4 Equilibrium Condition for Three-carriers Model (I) 20 3.2 Optimization-based Coopetition Game Model : Model (II) 22 3.2.1 Notations for Model (II) 23 3.2.2 The Profit Maximization Formulation for A Single Carrier 26 3.3 Summary 29 CHAPTER 4. SOLUTION APPROACHES 30 4.1 Solution Approach for Model (I) 30 4.2 Solution Approach for Model (II) 32 4.2.1 Ascent-based Heuristic for the Profit Maximization Problem for a Single Company 33 4.2.2 Diagonalization (Jacobi) Algorithm for Model (II) 35 CHAPTER 5. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS 37 5.1 Numerical for Model (I) 37 5.1.1 Sensitivity Analysis of Initial Demand Level 38 5.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Competition Cost for Model (I) 39 5.1.3 Sensitivity Analysis of Cooperation Cost for Model (I) 40 5.1.4 Sensitivity Analysis of Parameters in Demand Function 40 5.2 Numerical for Model (II) 41 5.2.1 Effectiveness of The Ascent Direction Method 43 5.2.2 Two Firms Coopetition for Model (II) 44 5.2.3 Sensitivity Analysis of The Competition Cost for Model (II) 47 5.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis of Cooperation Cost for Model (II) 48 5.2.5 Sensitivity Analysis of the Impact of Coopetition on Market Size (demand) for Model (II) 49 5.2.6 Impact of Coopetition on Path Cost, Price and Market Size for Model (II) 50 5.2.7 Coopetition for Three Firms for Model (II) 51 5.2.8 Realistic Network Experiment for Model (II) 54 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 56 REFERENCES 58 APPENDIX I: MANUSCRIPT PUBLISHED IN POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH (SCI/SSCI) 62 APPENDIX II: FIRST REVISION IN APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING (SCI/SSCI) 87

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