| 研究生: |
賴健文 Lai, Jian-Wen |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
以分級水洗法去除飛灰中氯離子之最佳化研究 Optimization on the Removal of Chloride Ions from Fly Ash by Multi-Stage Washing |
| 指導教授: |
陳昭旭
Chen, Chao-Shi |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 資源工程學系 Department of Resources Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 100 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 焚化飛灰 、水洗除氯 、液固比 、弗氏鹽 、迴流水系統 、資源化 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Fly Ash, Washing Dechlorination, L/S ratio, Friedel's salt, Washing liquid Recirculation |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:121 下載:2 |
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順應淨零碳排與循環經濟趨勢,國內焚化飛灰資源化需求日益迫切。我國每年產出高達18.3萬噸焚化飛灰,再利用率卻僅約7.93%,多仰賴水泥固化後掩埋,加劇掩埋場負荷。焚化飛灰雖具替代水泥生料之潛力,但受限於高水溶性氯鹽易引發建材鋼筋銹蝕,嚴重阻礙其後端資源化應用。
本研究採集鈣系事業廢棄物焚化廠之袋濾式集塵灰,導入分級水洗去氯程序探討最佳化液固比(L/S)與操作時間,並建構「洗滌液迴流系統」以抑減整體用水量,達成廢棄物去害化與水資源循環之雙重目標。
實驗證實,於10分鐘水洗基準下,本研究創新提出「雙軌制水洗參數」:實務綜合最佳參數(L/S=4)確保良好流動性下之極低殘留氯,並成功規避L/S=3區間特有之弗氏鹽(Friedel's salt)二次沉澱陷阱;極限節水參數(L/S=2)則有單位用水中的最高除氯效益,但其工作性欠佳。此外,後段洗滌廢液進行迴流再利用不僅無損效能,更具增強萃取之協同成效。
理化特性變化上,水洗程序促使飛灰達成約60%之質量流失,實現極佳減容效益。同時因系統強鹼特性(pH>12),鎘、鉛、銅、鋅等重金屬穩定截留於固相濾餅中;經XRF分析證實,重金屬隨無機骨架達成約2.5至3.2倍之顯著濃縮富集效應。此外,本研究釐清了離子選擇性電極法(ISE)受高背景離子干擾而高估約35%氯濃度之現象,並建立專屬經驗校正公式,使其能兼顧化學滴定之精準度,可供現場快速監測所用。
綜上所述,本研究開發之水洗前處理技術與雙軌制操作策略,有效消弭氯鹽危害與廢水二次污染疑慮,大幅優化水資源利用率,為飛灰後續之金屬冶煉再生或高值化建材(如替代水泥生料)應用,奠定極具工程實務價值之解決方案。
This study optimized the washing dechlorination process for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash by establishing a novel "dual-track" strategy based on industrial capabilities. For conventional agitation systems, an optimal liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 4 is recommended to circumvent Friedel's salt precipitation, ensuring exceptionally low residual chloride and favorable workability. Conversely, for high-shear equipment, an extreme water-saving parameter of L/S = 2 maximizes dechlorination efficiency per unit of water. Additionally, implementing a washing liquid recirculation system synergistically enhanced chloride extraction.
The washing procedure achieved a significant mass reduction of approximately 60%, minimizing disposal volumes. Crucially, the highly alkaline environment (pH > 12) stabilized heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) within the solid matrix. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis confirmed a substantial 2.5- to 3.2-fold concentration and enrichment effect of these metals.
Ultimately, this pretreatment technology eliminates water-soluble chloride hazards and secondary wastewater risks while optimizing water usage. It provides a practical, economically viable framework for transforming hazardous MSWI fly ash into high-value resources, facilitating downstream metallurgical recovery and its utilization as an alternative raw material in cement manufacturing.
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