員工離職對於組織往往會帶來負面的影響，造成員工離職最常見的原因為對工作感到不滿意與工作壓力過大。本研究旨在透過工作要求－資源模式以瞭解工作壓力對工作滿意度、生活滿意度與離職傾向之影響，並進一步探討工作要求與工作資源對於工作倦怠與工作投入的影響，以及工作倦怠與工作投入對於工作滿意度、生活滿意度與離職傾向之影響。本研究以台北捷運公司司機員為研究對象，透過問卷調查總共獲得226份問卷樣本，並經由描述性統計分析、信度分析、迴歸分析、差異分析等統計分析方法分析後獲得以下結論：
一、工作要求會正向影響工作倦怠，並會負向影響工作投入；反之，工作資源能夠正向影響工作投入，並且會負向影響工作倦怠。
二、在本研究中，工作要求中以職家衝突的影響最為顯著；工作資源中則是以主管支持的影響最為顯著。
三、工作倦怠會負向影響工作滿意度與生活滿意度，並會正向影響離職傾向；反之，工作投入能夠正向影響工作滿意度與生活滿意度，並會負向影響離職傾向。
四、在本研究中，工作滿意度對離職傾向具有負向的影響，但生活滿意度對離職傾向並沒有顯著的影響。此外，工作滿意度在工作倦怠、工作投入及離職傾向間具有中介效果。
五、捷運司機員的性別、年齡在工作滿意度上具有顯著的差異，但生活滿意度在不同的個人背景變項中皆沒有顯著的差異。離職傾向的部分則是在年齡、家庭狀況、工作年資與工作職稱中具有顯著的差異。

Employee resignation usually has a negative impact to the organization. The most common reasons for employee resignation are dissatisfaction with the job and excessive work stress. The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of work stress on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and turnover intention through Job Demands-Resources Model (JD-R Model). This research will also explore the effect of job demands and job resources on job burnout and job engagement, and the effect of job burnout and job engagement on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and turnover intention. The final data includes 226 metro drivers from Taipei Metro by online questionnaires survey. The following conclusions are reached by different statistical analysis methods. This research shows that job demands does have positive effect on job burnout, and job burnout has negative effect on job satisfaction but has positive effect on turnover intention. Job resources can reduce job burnout but improve job engagement. Job engagement will positively affect job satisfaction but negatively affect turnover intention.

中文文獻
尤逸歆(2004)，國小教師休閒運動參與、工作倦怠與生活滿意之研究，國立雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士班碩士論文。
江孟儒(2009)，激勵制度、工作滿意度與離職傾向之關聯性研究─以台灣地區人壽保險機構為例，國立東華大學國際企業學系碩士論文。
江彥儒(2019)，工作要求對工作投入度與工作績效之影響：以轉換型領導為調節變項，東吳大學心理學系碩士論文。
杜佩蘭、陳錦輝、黃毓華、黃英忠、曾榮豐(2017)，旅行社員工其挑戰性－障礙性壓力源對組織承諾的影響－工作倦怠的中介效果，運動休閒餐旅研究，12(3)，PP.73-99。
張新立、楊筑雅、吳晉光(2005)，鐵路司機員工作壓力與影響因素研究，鐵道學報，27(2)，PP.21-27。
李森隆(2012)，角色壓力、工作壓力、工作倦怠對人員離職傾向之研究：以東部某空軍基地為例，國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
林通昌(2016)，激勵制度對台北捷運高運量司機員的工作投入和工作滿意影響之研究，銘傳大學管理學院高階經理碩士學程碩士論文。
林麗惠(2002)，高齡者參與學習活動與生活滿意度關係之研究，國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所博士論文。
邱齡瑩(2016)，偏遠學校教師幸福感與離職傾向之關係研究－以學校組織氣氛為調節變項，國立臺南大學教育學系學校經營與管理教學碩士班碩士論文。
施沛鈃(2008)，就業服務員之情緒勞務、工作滿意度、工作倦怠與離職傾向之相關研究，國立彰化師範大學復健諮商研究所。
徐愫儀、塗雅雯、石東生、陳濘宏、王拔群、林茵、李學禹(2007)，輪班工作對台灣某工廠之睡眠品質的影響，輔仁醫學期刊，5(4)，PP.189-202。
孫譽瑋(2009)，員工人格特質、工作滿意度與離職傾向之研究－以北部地區國際觀光旅館餐飲部員工為例，中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文。
崔來意(2000)，高科技公司女性專業人員工作－家庭衝突、工作倦怠及離職意願關係之研究，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
張志宏(2016)，台灣高鐵列車駕駛員工作時間段人為疏失之研究，逢甲大學運輸科技與管理學系碩士論文。
張舒涵(2004)，大學院校約聘人員人格特質、工作滿意度及離職傾向之研究，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
張瑋恩(2001)，激勵與工作滿足關係之研究，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。
張寶仁(1999)，勞工之人格特質與工作壓力知覺及工作壓力反應之相關研究：以某公司製糖工人為例，國立台灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
高癸華(2009)，工作要求與倦怠關係之研究-以工作資源為干擾變項，南台科技大學企業管理系碩士論文。
陸思南(2014)，派遣員工留任轉正知覺對組織承諾、工作投入及職家衝突關係之研究：以h公司為例，龍華科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士論文。
陳玲媛(2010)，博物館志工工作投入與生活滿意度之比較研究，國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文。
黃玉琳(2019)，護理人員工作壓力、工作倦怠對離職傾向影響效果之探討，龍華科技大學企業管理系碩士班碩士論文。
黃若梅(2018)，工作敬業、調節焦點、團隊凝聚力與組織公民行為之跨層次關係研究，國立臺南大學行政管理學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。
黃品全、韓明娟(2015)，顧客導向、工作投入與顧客焦點建言：挑戰、妨礙型壓力源之調節效果，人力資源管理學報，15(2)，PP.1-24。
黃祥英(2018)，工作資源、個人資源與工作投入對角色外行為之影響，國立成功大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
楊榮宗(2011)，工作要求、工作資源、工作倦怠、組織承諾及組織公民行為關係模式建構之研究，國立高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系博士論文。
蔡宜珊(2012)，護理人員正負向情感、團體凝聚力、工作投入與離職傾向之探討，長庚大學護理學系碩士論文。
賴幸如(2011)，工作要求－資源、工作倦怠、組織承諾與離職傾向之關係探討-以國立自然科學博物館義工為例，國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
謝孟蓉(2012)，高績效人力資源實務、員工幸福感及員工態度與行為之關係，國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
簡嘉貞(2015)，工作要求－資源模式的效度考驗－以台灣企業員工為，國立政治大學輔導與諮商碩士學位學程碩士論文。
蘇琬淇(2018)，事業機構外籍看護工的職場壓力、組織公平、生活滿意度與留任意願之關聯性研究，南臺科技大學企業管理系碩士論文。

外文文獻
Abelson, M. A. (1986). Strategic management of turnover: a model for the health service administrator. Health Care Management Review, 11(2), 61-71.
Abelson, M. A. (1987). Examination of avoidable and unavoidable turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 72(3), 382.
Albertson, L. M., & Kagan, D. M. (1987). Occupational stress among teachers. Journal of Research & Development in Education.
Aldwin, C. M. (2007). Stress, coping, and development: An integrative perspective. Guilford Press.
Arnett, D. B., Laverie, D. A., & McLane, C. (2002). Using job satisfaction and pride as internal-marketing tools. Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly, 43(2), 87-96.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: taking stock and looking forward. Journal of occupational health psychology, 22(3), 273.
Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review 1. Personnel psychology, 31(4), 665-699.
Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B., & LePine, M. A. (2004). Relations between stress and work outcomes: The role of felt challenge, job control, and psychological strain. Journal of vocational behavior, 64(1), 165-181.
Brandmeyer, D. D. (1987). Higher education activity and life satisfaction in the older adult (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia). Dissertation Abstracts International, 4.
Buckingham, M., & Coffman, C. 1999. First, break all the rules: What the worlds greatest managers do differently. New York, NY: Gallup Press.
Campbell, J. J., Dunnette, M. D., Lawler, E. E., & Weick, K. E. (1970). Managerial behavior, performance, and effectiveness. McGraw-Hill.
Caplan, R. D., Cobb, S., French, J. R., Harrison, R. V., & Pinneau, S. R. (1975). Job demands and worker health.
Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among US managers. Journal of applied psychology, 85(1), 65.
Cherniss, C., & Cherniss, C. (1980). Staff burnout: Job stress in the human services: Sage publications Beverly Hills, CA.
Cooper, C. L. (1983). Identifying stressors at work: Recent research developments. Journal of psychosomatic research, 27(5), 369-376.
Crawford, E. R., LePine, J. A., & Rich, B. L. (2010). Linking job demands and resources to employee engagement and burnout: a theoretical extension and meta-analytic test. Journal of applied psychology, 95(5), 834.
Davis, H. (1977). Human Behavior at Work: Organizational Behavior (5th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2011). The job demands-resources model: Challenges for future research. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 37(2), 01-09.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Dorrian, J., Baulk, S. D., & Dawson, D. (2011). Work hours, workload, sleep and fatigue in Australian Rail Industry employees. Applied ergonomics, 42(2), 202-209.
Frederick, W. C. (1960). The growing concern over business responsibility. California management review, 2(4), 54-61.
French, J. R. P. Jr., Rodgers, W. L., & Cobb, S. (1974). Adjustment as person-environment fit. In G. Coelho, D. Hamburg, & J. Adams (Eds.), Coping and adaptation, 316-333. New York: Basic Books.
Freudenberger, H.J. (1974). Staff Burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
Gaines, J., & Jermier, J. M. (1983). Emotional exhaustion in a high stress organization. Academy of Management journal, 26(4), 567-586.
Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of school psychology, 43(6), 495-513.
Hansen, N., Sverke, M., & Näswall, K. (2009). Predicting nurse burnout from demands and resources in three acute care hospitals under different forms of ownership: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(1), 96-107.
Henry, N. J. (1989). A qualitative study about perceptions of lifestyle and life satisfaction among older adults (Doctoral dissertation, Syracuse University).
Hollis, L. A. (1998). Sex comparisons in life satisfaction and psychosocial adjustment scores with an older adult sample: Examining the effect of sex role differences in older cohorts. Journal of Women & Aging, 10(3), 59-77.
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction.
Huang, G. D., Feuerstein, M., & Sauter, S. L. (2002). Occupational stress and work‐related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models. American journal of industrial medicine, 41(5), 298-314.
Janssen, P. P., Peeters, M. C., de Jonge, J., Houkes, I., & Tummers, G. E. (2004). Specific relationships between job demands, job resources and psychological outcomes and the mediating role of negative work–home interference. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(3), 411-429.
Johnson, J. V., & Hall, E. M. (1988). Job strain, work place social support, and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish working population. American journal of public health, 78(10), 1336-1342.
Kahill, S. (1988). Symptoms of professional burnout: A review of the empirical evidence. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 29(3), 284.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Karasek Jr, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative science quarterly, 285-308.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1993). A further examination of managerial burnout: Toward an integrated model. Journal of organizational behavior, 14(1), 3-20.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (1998). Burnout. En H. Friedman (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Mental Health: San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Krause, N. (2004). Common facets of religion, unique facets of religion, and life satisfaction among older African Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59(2), S109-S117.
Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of applied psychology, 49(1), 24.
Markos, S., & Sridevi, M. S. (2010). Employee engagement: The key to improving performance. International journal of business and management, 5(12), 89.
Maslach, C. (1982). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon. Job stress and burnout, 29-40.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S., Leiter, M., Schaufeli, W., & Schwab, R. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory 3rd edition manual: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory (Vol. 21): Consulting psychologists press Palo Alto, CA.
Maslow, A. H. (1981). Motivation and personality. Prabhat Prakashan.
Miller, H. E., Katerberg, R., & Hulin, C. L. (1979). Evaluation of the Mobley, Horner, and Hollingsworth model of employee turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 64(5), 509.
Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of applied psychology, 63(4), 408.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory 2nd ed.
Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of applied psychology, 59(5), 603.
Price, J. L. (1977). The study of turnover: Iowa State Press.
Richter, P. & Hacker, W. (1998). Stress, fatigue, and burnout in working life. Workload and strain. Heidelberg, Germany: Asagner.
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative science quarterly, 46(4), 655-684.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of managerial psychology.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi‐sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schneider, B., Macey, W. H., Barbera, K. M., & Martin, N. (2009). Driving customer satisfaction and financial success through employee engagement. People and Strategy, 32(2), 22.
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences (Vol. 3). Sage.
Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life.
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2011). Teacher job satisfaction and motivation to leave the teaching profession: Relations with school context, feeling of belonging, and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and teacher education, 27(6), 1029-1038.
Smith, P. C. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes.
Stanley, T. (2001). Burnout: A manager's worst nightmare. Supervision, 62(8), 3-5.
Stephens, G. K., & Sommer, S. M. (1996). The measurement of work to family conflict. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(3), 475-486.
Stevenson, F. J. (1994). Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions: John Wiley & Sons.
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
Theorell, T., Karasek, R., & Eneroth, P. (1990). Job strain variations in relation to plasma testosterone fluctuations in working men‐a longitudinal study. Journal of internal medicine, 227(1), 31-36.
Vandenberg, R. J., & Nelson, J. B. (1999). Disaggregating the motives underlying turnover intentions: When do intentions predict turnover behavior? Human relations, 52(10), 1313-1336.
Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation.