伏流水對濕地生態棲地的影響深具重要性，不僅影響水中的化學及物理性質，亦可提供水生生物所需的養分，成為生態棲地不可或缺的一環。近幾年對伏流水如何使用議題討論熱烈，備援水資源(如：伏流水抽取)也逐漸發展，其中在台灣針對伏流水的部分較少被探討。本研究想藉由現地量測找出伏流水的上湧及下滲現象，探討其對地表逕流與伏流水水質的影響，透過多元尺度方法區分上湧及下滲處的水質群聚，以及主成分分析找出地表逕流水質特性的主要因子，往後可試圖從地表逕流水質特性去判斷上湧或下滲現象的出現位置。不僅能較易取得伏流水，亦能有效運用伏流水水量，在水質處理方面也有參考依據。研究區域位於屏東縣萬巒鄉東港溪中上游的五溝水湧泉濕地溪流，透過微測壓管量測垂直水力梯度判斷採樣點之上湧及下滲情況，使用微水試驗量測水力傳導度計算伏流水與地表逕流間交換的單位面積通量，採集地表逕流水與藉由幫浦吸取伏流水，利用水質儀器測量地表逕流水與伏流水水質。以大尺度的觀點，本研究發現興盛橋上游河段大部份區域呈現上湧現象，少部份區域出現下滲現象，沒發現上湧及下滲現象與潭瀨的分佈有特定相關；然而以小尺度的觀點，發現小區域河床底質因粗顆粒底質堆積使得水流方向改變，土壤壓力不均勻形成上湧及下滲現象，另外有部份區域呈平衡狀態表示伏流水與地表逕流交互作用在小區域作用頻繁。藉由獨立T檢定顯示上湧及下滲處之水質無明顯的差異性，因地表逕流流動快，故於上湧及下滲處水質特性較接近，以及伏流水於上湧及下滲處水質特性因滲透層特性相似而無差異性。地表逕流於上湧處水質因興盛橋上游段與五福橋下游段的滲透層特性不同而有差異性，且不排除聚落居民用水對地表逕流水質的影響，發現導電度及硝酸鹽濃度在五福橋下游段高於興盛橋上游段。藉由成對T檢定則顯示地表逕流與伏流水之水質有非常顯著差異性。最後，透過多元尺度方法及主成分分析水質特性，區分出上湧處、下滲處及湧泉窟，並找出地表逕流於上湧及下滲處的水質特性資料作為可依據的指標範圍，但指標範圍的準確性不高，可搭配微測壓管作為現地驗證，對往後研究伏流水的學者作為參考依據。

The effect of hyporheic water on wetland ecological habitat is important. The hyporheic processes not only impact physical and chemical characteristics of water but also provide needs to organisms in stream ecosystems. The exchange between surface water and hyporheic water was quantified by measuring the vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG) and streambed hydraulic conductivity (K) in minipiezometers by using the slug test. Physical and chemical characteristics of the surface water and hyporheic water were measured and analyzed. As a whole, most upwelling sites were observed in the upper reach at Xing Sheng Bridge. On a small scale, few downwelling sites contained large sediment in the streambed. The magnitude of downwelling sites was significantly higher than the magnitude of upwelling sites because of gravity and good permeability. Some neutral sites were observed with frequent interactions between surface water and hyporheic water in small areas. There were no differences in water quality characteristics of surface water and hyporheic water between upwelling sites and downwelling sites. There were differences in conductivity and nitrates at upwelling sites of surface water between the upper reach at Xing Sheng Bridge and the lower reach at Wu Fu Bridge. There were significantly different water quality characteristics between surface water and hyporheic water. We could distinguish upwelling and downwelling sites and find the main factors of water quality characteristics by analyzing water quality characteristics of surface water.

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