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研究生: 王達興
Wang, Da-Shin
論文名稱: 中孔洞分子篩晶體研究
Study on the crystal morphology of mesoporous silica
指導教授: 林弘萍
Lin, Hong-Ping
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 140
中文關鍵詞: 界面活性劑矽酸鈉
外文關鍵詞: XRD, BET
相關次數: 點閱:61下載:2
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  •   在自然界中,像矽藻類的生物材料多以漂亮且豐富的形態存在,而這些生物材料主要成分多為氧化矽。因此我們認為氧化矽應該可以呈現出多種豐富形態。我們模擬生物成礦作用,在低反應濃度的合成條件下,精密的控制影響生成速度的熱力學和動力學的變因,操控中孔洞材料的晶型。
      為了使氧化矽能堆積成大顆的晶體形狀,我們需控制使其生成速度變慢。這樣一來有機 - 無機組合成的小顆粒才有時間慢慢堆積成為晶體。由文獻中得知氧化矽在其等電位點時(pH = 2.0)聚合速度最慢且有機模板和氧化矽之間的作用力也是屬於較弱的氫鑑結合,於是我們選擇酸性條件為主要研究範圍。另外,有機模板和氧化矽物種的濃度、比例、界面活性劑和氧化矽來源的類形、合成溫度和溶液中陰離子的存在都是影響晶體長成的變因。本實驗已經找出可以一系列操控不同外觀晶形的主要合成條件。
      除了外觀具有晶型的中孔洞分子篩材料之合成外,本實驗亦利用陰離子型界面活性劑,同時加入含有胺基的有機矽烷和矽酸鹽進行聚合反應,以加強無機氧化矽骨架和界面活性劑間的作用力,而成功合成出孔洞表面含有(-NH2 )官能基的中孔洞分子篩材料。

      In nature, there are many biomaterials, such as diatoms display rich morphologies and multiple-scale ordering. The major inorganic component of biomaterials is silica. Hence, we consider the mesoporous material should have rich morphologies. We mimic the biomineralization, to dominate morphologies of the mesoporous material by controling the thermodynamic and kinetic factor
      In order to make mesoporous silica in big crystal-like particles, we must control the silicate condensation rate at under suitable condition (i.e. pH around 2.0). There is enough time to let surfactant-silica self-assembles to form crystal-like particles. From previous literatures, we know the condensation rates of the silicates is the slowest and the interaction between organic templates and inorganic framework is weak at the isoelectric point of silica (pH = 2.0), so we chose acidic condition for the growth of the mesoporous silica crystals. Beside of the pH value, the concentrations of the surfactants and silicate, the source of the surfactants and silicate, system temperature and the counteranion are the determing factors on the crystal morphologies of the mesoporous silica.
      Besides synthesize the crystal-like mesoporous materials. We also use the anionic surfactant as structure-directing agent, and sodium silicate and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as silica sources. Due to the presence of the amino-groups, the interaction between anionic surfactants and inorganic silicate was enhanced. Thus, we can successful synthesis the organofunctionalized mesoporous material with anionic surfactant.

    第一章 序 論 1.1中孔洞分子篩材料的研究與發展………………………………….19 1.2 界面活性劑性質簡介……………………………………………...22 1.2.1 界面活性劑分子結構………………………………………22 1.2.2 界面活性劑的種類…………………………………………24 1.2.3 微胞的形成…………………………………………………25 1.2.4 界面活性劑聚集體的結構…………………………………28 1.3 影響界面活性劑溶液中聚集體結構的因素……………………...31 1.3. 1 對離子與添加鹽類對界面活性劑容易的影響…………...31 1.3. 2 添加極性溶劑及醇類對界面活性劑的影響……………...32 1.4 矽酸鹽的化學概念………………………………………………...33 1.5 中孔洞分子篩材料之介尺度結構研究…………………………...36 1. 5. 1中孔洞分子篩材料主要研究範疇…………………………36 1.5. 2 中孔洞分子篩材料介尺度結構之研究…………………...38 1.5. 3 中孔洞分子篩材料外觀晶型的研究與發展……………...42 第二章 實驗部分……………………………………………………..48 2.1化學藥品……………………………………………………………48 2.2實驗步驟……………………………………………………………49 2.2.1利用正離子型界面活性劑合成中孔洞分子篩晶體……………..49 2.2.1.1 酸性條件下利用矽酸鈉合成中孔洞分子篩晶體之合成方法………………………………………………………49 2.2.1.2 添加離子合成中孔洞分子篩晶體合成方法…………...50 2.2.1.3 以四乙基氧矽(TEOS)合成中孔洞分子篩晶體之步驟..50 2.2.1.4 移除有機界面活性劑的步驟方法……………………...51 2.2.2 利用其他類型的界面活性劑合成中孔洞分篩材料……..51 2.2.2.1 利用陰離子型界面活性劑合成中孔洞分子篩材料 的方法…………………………………………..51 2.2.2.2含有機矽烷的中孔洞分子篩材料移除有機界面活性劑之方法………………………………………52 2.2.3合成條件………………………………………………….52 2.2.3.1 酸性條件下利用矽酸鈉合成中孔洞分子篩晶體之溶液組成………………………………………………52 2.2.3.2 改變矽酸鈉濃度的組成………………………...52 2.2.3.3改變水量的溶液組成……………………………53 2.2.3.4添加離子的溶液組成……………………………53 2.2.3.5酸性條件下利用二乙基氧矽合成中孔洞分子篩晶體之溶液組成……………………………………53 2.2.3.6 利用陰離子性界面活性劑合成中孔洞分子篩晶體之溶液組成………………………………………53 2.3產物的鑑定 2.3.1 X-射線粉末繞射儀光譜…………………………………….54 2.3.2掃描式電子顯微鏡…………………………………………..54 2.3.3氮氣等溫吸附脫附測量……………………………………..54 2.3.4穿透式電子顯微鏡…………………………………………..55 2.3.5熱重分析儀…………………………………………………..55 2.3.6霍氏紅外線光譜儀…………………………………………..56 第三章 中孔洞分子篩晶體的製備 3.1實驗動機及目的……………………………………………………57 3.2實驗設計及說明……………………………………………………57 3.3 pH值對中孔洞分子篩晶體的影響………………………………..59 3.4利用不同碳鏈長度之界面活性劑合成不同孔洞大小之中孔洞分子篩晶體………………………………………………………………67 3.5 不同界面活性劑及矽酸鈉比例對中孔洞分子篩晶體的影響…...80 3.5.1 加倍矽酸鈉濃度 ( 2 – 4倍矽酸鈉)………………………..81 3.5.2 削減矽酸納濃度 (1/2、1/4倍矽酸鈉)…………………….86 3.6 水含量對中孔洞分子篩晶體的影響……………………………...90 3.7 水溶液中添加不同離子對中孔洞分子篩晶體材料的影響……...94 3.7.1 氯化鈉的添加………………………………………………94 3.7.2 硝酸納的添加………………………………………………99 3.7.2.1 添加硝酸鈉對利用C12TMAB合成中孔洞分子篩晶體系統的影響………………………………………99 3.7.2.2 添加硝酸鈉對利用C14TMAB及C16TMAB合成中孔洞分子篩晶體系統的影響……………………102 3.7.3 離子效應影響結論………………………………………..106 3.8 利用四乙基氧矽(TEOS)合成中孔洞分子篩晶體………………107 3.8.1實驗結果……………………………………………………107 3.9 中孔洞分子篩晶體的形成機制………………………………….113 第四章 利用陰離子形界面活性劑合成具官能基的中孔洞分子篩材料 4.1 實驗動機…………………………………………………………115 4.2 實驗設計…………………………………………………………116 4.3 實驗結果…………………………………………………………117 4.3.1 pH值條件的選擇 …………………………………………117 4.3.2 矽酸鈉和有機矽烷比例調整的影響………………………121 4.3.3 移除界面活性劑的方法……………………………………122 4.4 官能基含量之測定及結果……………………………………… 129 4.5 未來工作與展望………………………………………………….130 第五章 結論………………………………………………...132 參考文獻…………………………………………………….134

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