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研究生： 羅翊展
Luo, Yi-Zhan
論文名稱： 從含鋅的鹽酸廢液中回收鋅的開發與研究
Development and research on recovering zine from zinc-containing hydrochloric acid waste liquid
指導教授： 施士塵
Shi, Shih-Chen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年： 2025
畢業學年度： 114
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 79
中文關鍵詞： 鋅回收 、沉澱法 、碳酸鈉 、鹼式碳酸鋅 、酸洗廢液 、pH控制 、中性滴加法 、資源再利用
外文關鍵詞： zinc recovery, precipitation method, sodium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, pickling wastewater, pH control, neutral drop method, resource recycling
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    • 本研究旨在開發一套能有效且簡易地從含鋅鹽酸廢液中回收鋅的沉澱法技術，以實現資源再利用與環境友善處理。實驗中選用碳酸鈉（Na2CO3）作為沉澱劑，透過控制pH值與反應環境來優化鋅的去除效率與產物純度。實驗結果顯示，鋅離子（Zn2+）可經沉澱方式由原始濃度約259400 ppm有效降至最低約2 ppm以下，且沉澱產物經XRD分析證實主要為鹼式碳酸鋅（Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2），具有與碳酸鋅相當的應用潛力。研究亦指出，反應pH值在中性至弱鹼性區間（pH 7.0～9.0）下更有利於目標產物的生成；而同步滴加法搭配中性水緩衝可有效避免局部pH劇烈波動，進一步提升產物均勻性與反應穩定性。此研究證明沉澱法具備回收鋅與環境治理的雙重效益，為工業廢液處理提供可行技術方案。

    This study aimed to develop an effective and simple precipitation technology for zinc recovery from zinc-containing hydrochloric acid wastewater, achieving resource reuse and environmentally friendly treatment. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was used as the precipitant, and the pH and reaction environment were manipulated to optimize zinc removal efficiency and product purity. Experimental results showed that precipitation effectively reduced zinc ion (Zn2+) concentration from an initial concentration of approximately 259,400 ppm to below approximately 2 ppm. XRD analysis confirmed that the precipitated product was primarily basic zinc carbonate (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2), demonstrating comparable application potential to zinc carbonate. The study also demonstrated that a neutral to slightly alkaline pH range (pH 7.0-9.0) favored the formation of the target product. Furthermore, the simultaneous addition method with neutral water buffering effectively avoided local pH fluctuations, further improving product uniformity and reaction stability. This study demonstrates that precipitation offers the dual benefits of zinc recovery and environmental remediation, providing a viable technical solution for industrial wastewater treatment.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 致謝 XII 表目錄 XVII 圖目錄 XIX 第1章 緒論 1 1-1. 前言 1 1-1-1. 熱浸鍍鋅製程 2 1-1-2. 廢液處理 3 1-1-3. 鋅與含鋅礦物 4 1-1-4. 城市採礦（CITY MINING） 5 1-2. 研究動機 6 1-3. 文獻回顧 7 1-3-1. 獲取鋅的方式 7 1-3-2. 沉澱法應用 9 1-3-3. 產物回收應用 11 1-4. 研究歷程與目標 13 1-4-1. 以沉澱法分離酸液之鋅離子 13 1-4-2. 不同PH值沉澱不同產物 14 1-4-3. 中性環境調節PH衝突 14 第2章 應用理論 15 2-1. 沉澱法 15 2-1-1. 沉澱反應機制 16 2-2. PH值對鋅濃度的影響 17 2-2-1. 鋅離子游離狀態 17 2-2-2. 水解反應 18 2-2-3. 反應衝突問題 19 2-3. 沉澱產物與反應環境之關係 20 2-3-1. 氫氧根離子（OH-）之影響 20 2-3-2. 溶解度積（KSP）和離子積（Q） 20 2-4. 中性環境調節 23 第3章 實驗方法與設備 24 3-1 沉澱法降低鋅濃度 24 3-1-1 實驗材料 24 3-1-2 實驗流程 24 3-2 PH值對鋅濃度之影響 25 3-2-1. 實驗材料 25 3-2-2. 實驗流程 25 3-3 中性環境沉澱產物 26 3-3-1 實驗材料 26 3-3-2 實驗流程 26 3-4 實驗設備 27 第4章 結果與討論 28 4-1. 使用沉澱法降低鋅濃度 28 4-1-1. 攪拌時間對於降低鋅濃度的影響 28 4-2. PH值對降低鋅濃度的影響 30 4-2-1. 添加量對鋅濃度的影響 30 4-2-2. PH值對應溶液的變化 31 4-2-3. PH控制區間對鋅濃度的影響 35 4-3. 沉澱產物與反應環境之關係 36 4-3-1. 溶解度積（KSP）與離子積（Q）比較 36 4-3-2. 鹼性環境產物 38 4-3-3. 中性環境調節法 40 4-4. 實驗成本與產物價值 43 第5章 總結 44 參考文獻 45 附錄A 實驗參數詳細過程 51 附錄B 參數詳細計算過程 54 B-1. 離子濃度之詳細計算過程 54 B-2. 離子積（Q）之詳細計算過程 55 B-3. 產物成本計算 56

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