本論文的研究目的是從構式化理論的角度分析漢語「副」和「一副X」句構的歷時演變與共時分佈。本論文採用Traugott and Trousdale (2013)的語法構式化(grammatical constructionalization)、詞彙構式化(lexical constructionalization)的理論以及Sinclair (1996)的語意韻律(semantic prosody)理論來分析漢語「副」和「一副X」句構。我們用這兩個理論架構在語料上做質化分析和量化統計。本論文的語料來源是中研院古漢語語料庫 (Academia Sinica Ancient Chinese Corpus)、中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫 (Academic Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese)、線上新聞電子報 (The online E-newspapers)。本論文有三個研究方向 (1) 探究漢語「副」和「一副X」句構的歷時演化。(2) 量化分析「一副X」句構的語意韻律。(3) 揭示「副」和「一副X」句構構式變化的動機與機制。研究結果顯示 (1) 漢語「副」在上古漢語階段歷經pì和fù的音變。(2) 漢語「副」的形容詞形式、成語詞彙化是從動詞形式演化而來的。(3) 漢語「副」的量詞形式是源自於名詞形式。(4) 隨著時代變遷，「一副X」句構的語意韻律呈現出帶有個人主觀立場的負面趨向。(5) 漢語「副」和「一副X」句構的語法構式化、詞彙構式化顯示了一個非線性且漸進式的歷時演化。(6) 量化研究結果顯示出，高頻率的詞彙使用是漢語「副」和「一副X」句構的構式基模根源與穩定普遍化的重要因素。(7) 抽象圖式化、多產性、語意合成性在語法化和詞彙化的構式變化扮演關鍵角色。經由本論文研究分析得知，人類的主觀認知過程導致了「副」的語法構式化、詞彙構式化，和「一副X」句構的負面語意韻律趨向。

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the diachronic development and synchronic distribution of Mandarin Chinese fù and [yī fù (CL) + X] construction from a constructional perspective. The theoretical frameworks adopted in this thesis are grammatical constructionalization and lexical constructionalization (Traugott & Trousdale, 2013) and semantic prosody (Sinclair, 1996). We use these two theoretical concepts to conduct qualitative analysis and quantitative statistics. The linguistic data are collected from Academia Sinica Ancient Chinese Corpus, Academic Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese, and the online E-newspapers. There are three research directions in this thesis: (1) Exploring the diachronic evolution of fù and [yī fù (CL) + X] construction (2) Analyzing [yī fù (CL) + X] construction quantitatively (3) Revealing the motivations and mechanisms of the constructional change for fù and [yī fù (CL) + X] construction. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) Mandarin Chinese fù underwent the phonetic change of pì and fù in Archaic Chinese period. (2) The verb form of Mandarin Chinese fù evolves into the adjective form and the idiomatic usage pattern. (3) The classifier system of Mandarin Chinese fù is derived from the noun form. (4) The semantic prosody for [yī fù (CL) + X] construction has negative inclination with the evolution in diachronic development with subjective stance. (5) Grammatical and lexical constructionalizations in Mandarin Chinese fù and [yī fù (CL) + X] construction reveal the non-linear and gradual constructional changes. (6) The quantitative analysis shows that high frequency of use is a pivotal element in the conventionalization and the root of constructional schema for fù and [yī fù (CL) + X] construction. (7) Schematicity, productivity, and compositionality play the crucial roles in the constructional change for grammatical and lexical constructionalizations. From the research results in this thesis, we can know that the subjectivity in human cognition leads to grammatical and lexical constructionalizations, and the negative tendency for semantic prosody in [yī fù (CL) + X] construction.

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