摘 要
由於經營環境競爭愈加激烈，企業已無法獨自開發所需之知識，透過聯盟關係已成為廠商獲取知識的一項重要管道。到了二十世紀尤其最近二十年，廠商間的聯盟關係己成為廠商一種策略性的活動，其互賴關係更加緊密且目標具多樣性。台灣廠商如何利用策略聯盟進行知識移轉以獲取所需之知識，成為一關注之焦點。當組織欲利用策略聯盟來進行知識移轉時，如何透過適當之知識移轉型式之選擇，有效的進行知識移轉以獲取所需之知識，卻是相關文獻中較少探討之課題。本研究以此為研究動機，試圖由過去學者所提出的理論及研究整理出一個影響知識移轉型式選擇之架構，以交易成本及資源依賴理論建立研究假設，並藉由問卷實證的方式來驗證這些假設。本研究四項主要之研究目的為：
1.探討知識屬性，對知識移轉型式選擇之影響。
2.探討外部環境，對知識移轉型式選擇之影響。
3.探討吸收能力，對知識移轉型式選擇之影響。
4.探討聯盟夥伴差異，對知識移轉型式選擇之影響。
本研究探討廠商間利用策略聯盟進行知識移轉時，知識屬性、外部環境、吸收能力、及聯盟夥伴差異對知識移轉型式選擇之影響。依據知識屬性之影響做出[假設1]；依據外部環境之影響做出[假設2]；依據吸收能力之影響做出[假設3]；依據聯盟夥伴差異之影響做出[假設4]。
本研究的母體是以中華徵信所所公布的5000大企業為主要調查對象，涵蓋了一般製造業、高科技產業及服務業，採取分層隨機抽樣，分為五層以亂數表選取之，共計發放600份問卷，問卷詢問對象為公司之高階管理者，並以公司為單位一家廠商寄出一份樣本。回收之有效問卷為85份，問卷之有效回收率為14.2％。
研究結果發現知識屬性之內隱性與專屬性、外部環境之變動性與複雜性、及聯盟夥伴差異之國家文化與企業規模會對知識移轉型式選擇產生影響；吸收能力並不產生直接影響，而當與知識屬性、外部環境、聯盟夥伴差異的交互作用結果對知識移轉型式選擇產生間接影響。鑑於此結果，台灣企業在進行知識移轉時，應考慮知識屬性、外部環境、聯盟夥伴差異、及本身吸收能力狀況，選擇適當之知識移轉型式，如此方能有效地將知識進行移轉。

Abstract
As the competition becomes more intense, firms are no longer able to develop all the knowledge by their own. Accordingly, in the last 20 years, strategic alliances have been an important strategic activity for firms to acquire the external resources. How to use the strategic alliances to effectively acquire the knowledge from outside has become an important issue. However, little has been done in the literature in examining the relationships among the knowledge attribute, the external environment, the absorptive capacity, the alliance partner diversity, and the choice of knowledge transfer forms.
Therefore, this study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by providing an integrative research framework through extensive literature review to identify the key determinants and to examine the relationships among these determinants and the knowledge transfer forms. Based on transaction cost theory and resource dependence perspective, hypotheses were proposed and then examined through an empirical study.
The population in the study is the top 5000 firms of Taiwan listed in the China Credit Information Service Incorporation. A random stratified sampling method was used to select 120 firms in each of the five levels. 600 questionnaires were mailed. Of the 600 questionnaires mailed, 104 responses were received and nineteen of them were incomplete. The remaining 85 valid and complete questionnaires were used for the quantitative analysis. It represents a useable response rate of 14.2%.
The major finding of this study include: First, the results of the logistic analyses show support for the direct effects of knowledge attribute, external environment, and alliance partner diversity on the choice of knowledge transfer forms; where absorptive capacity does not. Secondly, the results of the interaction analyses indicate that absorptive capacity have interaction effects with the knowledge attribute, external environment, and alliance partner diversity on the choice of knowledge transfer forms.

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