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研究生：	陳思達 Chen, Ssu-Ta
論文名稱：	摩擦攪拌銲接對Al-Cu系2218合金微觀組織變化之效應 Effect of FSW Joining on Microstructure Evolution of Al-Cu 2218 Alloy
指導教授：	陳立輝 Chen, Li- Hui 呂傳盛 Lui, Truan-Sheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2004
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	68
中文關鍵詞：	再結晶、摩擦攪拌銲接
外文關鍵詞：	recrystallization, FSW
相關次數：	點閱：71 下載：3
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　　Al-Cu系合金為高強度熱處理型鋁合金，以往用熔接法作接合時會因為熔接部發生偏析、組織不均勻等，而造成機械性質的劣化。近年來所開發的一種固態接合法-摩擦攪拌銲接(Friction-Stir Welding, FSW)，可避免以上因熔接所造成的問題。為釐清Al-Cu合金經過FSW後的微觀組織特徵及析出相效應，本研究選用Al-Cu系2218合金經擠型處理(擠型F材)及擠型與T6處理(擠型T6材)為實驗材料進行探討。本實驗進行硬度、拉伸性質測試，亦利用背向式電子繞射分析系統進行織構的分析，以了解組織與織構演化及機械性質間的關係。

　　就微觀組織方面而言，擠型F材、T6材經過FSW後(擠型F材-FSW及擠型T6材-FSW)，銲道組織皆有晶粒細化的現象發生，與原組織比較可發現此二材料共同擁有低差排密度組織、晶粒取向較發散等再結晶組織特徵。此外，第二相晶出及析出顆粒並未因FSW所產生大量的熱及剪變而分解。機械性質方面，擠型F材-FSW銲道硬度值與拉伸變形組抗皆較原材料(擠型F材)上升；而擠型T6材-FSW強度反而下降。

　　值得注意的是，擠型T6材-FSW織構在<110>方位集中的程度不如擠型F材-FSW，且有較高比例的低角度晶界，而可觀察到部分晶粒內仍有差排存在以及差排堆積在次晶粒晶界上。基於這些結果，可推測擠型T6材-FSW之再結晶程度不如擠型F材-FSW，可能與由T6處理中所析出之分佈細密的Al2Cu顆粒阻礙再結晶行為有關。

　　Al-Cu alloys, heat treatable high strength aluminum alloys, suffer from the deterioration in mechanical properties of the joints due to segregation and non-uniform structure when jointed by traditional fusion welding techniques. Recently, a brand-new solid-state welding technique, friction-stir welding (FSW) has being developed. It overcome the defects of fusion welding. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the friction stirred structure of Al-Cu alloys and the effect of precipitation.
　
　　For this purpose, extruded 2218 plates with the conditions of as fabricated F and T6 were applied. Microstructural observation, EBSD (Electron BackScattered Diffraction) analisis, microhardness and tensile tests were performed to explored the relationship between microstructural evolution, texture and mechanical properties.

　　With respect to microstrictures, both materials have the same tendency to get grain-refinement, low dislocation matrix and random distributed texture after FSW. In addition, the intermetallics and precipitates didn’t dissolve by the heat and large amount of shear deformation caused by FSW. As for the mechanical properties, the hardness and strength of the F-FSW materials were raised, while those of the T6-FSW were reduced.

　　It is worth of noticing that compared with the orientation of T6-FSW samples were less concentrated on <110> than F-FSW ones. And, the fraction of low angle grain boundaries of the T6-FSW was larger. It could be also observed that dislocations still existed within some of the recrystallized grains and piled up upon the subgrain boundaries. These phenomena indicate that the degree of recrytallization for T6-FSW was less than F-FSW. The effect of fine Al2Cu precipitates, formed during the T6 treatment, to stunt the recrystallization should account for this.

總目錄

中文摘要........................................ Ⅰ
英文摘要........................................ Ⅱ
總目錄.......................................... Ⅳ
表目錄.......................................... Ⅶ
圖目錄.......................................... Ⅷ
	
第一章  前言..................................... 1
	
第二章  文獻回顧................................. 3
2-1  摩擦攪拌銲接................................ 3
2-1-1  機械性質的變化............................ 3
2-1-2  微觀組織的變化............................ 3
2-2  再結晶及其相關行為.......................... 4
2-2-1  回復...................................... 4
2-2-2  再結晶.................................... 5
2-3  Al-Cu系合金析出行為......................... 7
2-4  第二相顆粒對再結晶之影響.................... 8
	
第三章  實驗方法................................ 16
3-1  材料備製................................... 16
3-2  金相組織觀察與硬度量測..................... 16
3-3  拉伸試驗................................... 17
3-4  TEM觀察.................................... 17
3-5  EBSD分析................................... 17
	
第四章  實驗結果................................ 27
4-1  相同熱處理材料之FSW效應探討................ 27
4-1-1  FSW對擠型F材之效應探討................... 27
4-1-1-1  金相觀察............................... 27
4-1-1-2  硬度量測與拉伸性質..................... 27
4-1-1-3  織構觀察............................... 28
4-1-1-4  TEM觀察................................ 29
4-1-2  FSW對擠型T6材之效應探討.................. 29
4-1-2-1  金相觀察............................... 29
4-1-2-2  硬度量測與拉伸性質..................... 29
4-1-2-3  織構觀察............................... 30
4-1-2-4  TEM觀察................................ 31
4-2  不同熱處理材料之FSW效應探討................ 31
4-2-1  微觀組織................................. 32
4-2-2  織構觀察................................. 32
	
第五章  討論.................................... 60
5-1  FSW對Al基地微觀組織演化之效應.............. 60
5-2  FSW對析出物之影響.......................... 61
	
第六章  結論.................................... 63

參考文獻....................................... 64

表目錄

表 3-1 2218化學成分組成(%)..................... 19
表 3-2 不同熱處理材料符號標示.................. 19
表 3-3 銲接條件................................ 20

圖目錄

圖2-1 材料內的差排分佈......................... 10
圖 2-2 材料受塑性變形所產生的回復五階段示意圖.. 11
圖 2-3 差排重新配置示意圖...................... 12
圖 2-4動態再結晶階段示意圖: (a)動態再結晶在晶界
處成核起始; (b); (c)由晶粒形成的項鍊狀結構; (d)
完全再結晶形成 與(e)再結晶晶粒經由晶界滑移而成
長............................................. 13
圖 2-5 第二相顆粒與基地間所產生的應變.......... 14
圖 2-6 第二相顆粒大小與再結晶速率關係示意圖.... 14
圖 2-7 第二相顆粒間距與再結晶速率關係示意圖.... 15
圖 3-1 固溶時間與硬度的關係圖.................. 21
圖 3-2 銲接示意圖.............................. 22
圖 3-3 FSW銲接攪拌棒尺寸示意圖................. 22
圖 3-4 硬度測試方向示意圖...................... 23
圖 3-5 拉伸試片尺寸示意圖...................... 24
圖 3-6 銲道拉伸性質測試試片示意圖.............. 24
圖 3-7 菊池線射繞圖形.......................... 25
圖 3-8 EBSD量測的幾何方位...................... 26
圖 4-1 擠型材之ED面金相觀察: (a)擠型F材; (b)擠
型F材-FSW...................................... 33
圖 4-2 擠型F材與擠型F材-FSW之微硬度測試........ 34
圖 4-3 擠型F材與擠型F材-FSW之拉伸性質比較...... 35
圖 4-4 擠型F材之拉伸次表面SEM微觀組織觀察: (a)
第二相破斷顆粒分佈情形; (b)破斷顆粒微觀 與(c)破
斷顆粒EDS分析光譜.............................. 36	
圖 4-5 擠型F材-FSW之拉伸次表面SEM微觀組織觀察: 
(a)第二相顆粒分佈情形; (b)灰色顆粒 與(c)白色顆
粒之EDS分析光譜................................ 37	
圖 4-6 擠型F材經過FSW前後織構分佈比較: (a)擠型F
材之織構; (b)擠型F 材-FSW之織構................ 38
圖 4-7 擠型F材經過FSW前後之晶向映射分析: (a)擠
型F材晶界之分析; (b)擠型F材-FSW之分析.......... 39
圖 4-8 擠型F材經過FSW前後之晶界取向差異分佈圖: 
(a)擠型F材之晶界取向差異分析; (b)擠型F材-FSW之
晶界取向差異分析............................... 40
圖4-9 擠型F材經過FSW前後之CSL分佈圖: (a)擠型F材
之CSL分佈; (b)擠型F材-FSW之CSL分佈............. 41
圖 4-10 擠型F材經過FSW前後TEM觀察差排密度比較: 
(a)擠型F材之明視野; (b)擠型F材-FSW之明視野..... 42
圖 4-11 擠型F材經過FSW前後TEM觀察顆粒型態比較: 
(a)擠型F材明視野; (b)擠型F材-FSW之明野; (c) 與
(d)顆粒電子繞射圖.............................. 43
圖 4-12 擠型材之ED面金相觀察: (a)擠型T6材; (b)
擠型T6材-FSW................................... 44
圖 4-13 擠型T6材與擠型T6材-FSW之微硬度測試..... 45
圖 4-14 擠型T6材與擠型T6材-FSW之拉伸性質比較... 46
圖 4-15 擠型T6材之拉伸次表面SEM微觀組織觀察: 
(a)第二相顆粒分佈情形; (b)白色破斷顆粒微觀; (c)
灰色顆粒破斷微觀; (d)為圖(b)破斷顆粒 與(e)為圖
(c)破斷顆粒EDS分析光譜......................... 47
圖 4-16 擠型T6材-FSW之拉伸次表面SEM微觀組織觀察
: (a)破斷顆粒分佈情形; (b)未破斷顆粒分佈情形; 
(c)破斷顆粒EDS分析光譜 與(d)未破斷顆粒EDS分析光
譜............................................. 48
圖 4-17 擠型T6材經過FSW前後織構分佈比較: (a)擠
型T6材之織構; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之織構............ 49
圖 4-18 擠型T6材經過FSW前後之晶向映射分析: (a)
擠型T6材之分析; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之分析.......... 50
圖 4-19 擠型T6材經過FSW前後之晶界取向差異比例分
佈圖: (a)擠型T6材之晶界取向差異分析; (b)擠型T6
材-FSW之晶界取向差異分析....................... 51
圖4-20 擠型T6材經過FSW前後之CSL分佈圖: (a)擠型
T6材之CSL分佈; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之CSL分佈........ 52	
圖 4-21擠型T6材經過FSW前後TEM觀察差排密度差異比
較: (a)擠型T6材之明視野; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之明視
野 與(c)擠型T6材-FSW次晶粒界之明野............. 53
圖 4-22 擠型T6材經過FSW前後TEM觀察顆粒型態比較: 
(a)擠型T6材之明視野; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之明視野... 54
圖 4-23 擠型T6材-FSW顆粒TEM觀察之電子繞射圖.... 55
圖 4-24 擠型T6材-FSW之TEM觀察晶粒內插排: (a)明
視野; (b)暗視野................................ 56
圖 4-25 擠型T6材經過FSW前後TEM觀察析出物分佈比
較: (a)擠型T6材之明視野; (b)擠型T6材-FSW之明視
野............................................. 57
圖 4-26 擠型F材-FSW與擠型T6材-FSW的拉伸性質.... 58
圖 4-27 不同熱處理材料TEM觀察差排密度比較: (a)
擠型F材-FSW; (b)擠型T6材-FSW  -FSW.............. 59	



                                    

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校內：2005-08-26公開
校外：2005-08-26公開

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