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研究生： 李柏逸
Li, Po-I
論文名稱： 臺灣2006至2022年地表同震位移場目錄之建置
A unified geodetic data-based earthquake catalog for the Taiwan mountain belt from 2006 to 2022
指導教授： 景國恩
Ching, Kuo-En
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 測量及空間資訊學系
Department of Geomatics
論文出版年： 2022
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 215
中文關鍵詞： GNSS連續站 、GNSS移動站 、精密水準測量 、時間序列 、同震位移場 、同震震源模型
外文關鍵詞： continuous GNSS station, campaign-mode GNSS station, precise leveling survey, time series, coseismic displacement, coseismic source model
相關次數： 點閱：192  下載：31 
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    • 利用GNSS連續站資料研究臺灣2002年以來發生大地震事件的地表同震位移場成果已相當完整，然而GNSS連續站資料存在一些限制，由於測站數的不足資料所能提供的空間解析力仍是有限，對於垂直位移場的成果可靠度也有待提升。本研究因此利用中央地質調查所施測的333站GNSS移動站和19條精密水準測線的資料，來提升2006年以來主要地震事件的同震位移場空間解析力與垂直位移場可靠度。這些事件包含2006年ML 7.0屏東外海地震、2010年ML 6.4甲仙地震、2013年ML 6.4瑞穗地震、2013年3月ML 6.2南投地震、2013年6月ML 6.5南投地震、2016年ML 6.6美濃地震、2018年ML 6.2花蓮地震及2022年ML 6.8玉里地震。本研究利用GNSS移動站和精密水準之坐標時間序列分析來計算地表同震位移場，接著引用各地震已發表的GNSS連續站同震位移場成果，進行GNSS連續站、GNSS移動站和精密水準同震位移場之型態比對，確認各成果相互間之一致性，並獲得各地震完整之同震位移場，隨後透過反演同震震源模型來推估各地震之滑移分布。雖然一般認為GNSS移動站之高程坐標精度為平面坐標精度的三倍，但經由不同資料間的比對，本研究發現GNSS移動站之垂直同震位移場仍可以可靠地反映地震當下的垂直同震位移型態。因為臺灣造山帶的活動斷層以逆斷層為主，因此精密水準資料能改善斷層模型傾角的解析力，成為提供研究此構造的重要資訊。另外，本研究也發現位於臺灣西南部的未知活動背斜構造，其可能與泥貫入體有關。本研究所提供的斷層模型能幫助我們了解地震當下斷層的運動方式，並推估未來地震發生的潛勢及評估能造成的災害。

    The coseismic displacements of major earthquakes in Taiwan obtained by continuous GNSS (cGNSS) were already been provided since 1999. However, cGNSS has some limitations, like the spatial resolution is not enough because of the lack of stations, and the poor accuracy in the vertical component. Therefore, in this study, I collected and calculated the geodetic data from 333 campaign-mode GNSS (sGNSS) stations and 19 precise leveling routes to enhance the spatial resolution and reliability of vertical component of coseismic displacement fields. The coordinate time series analysis was used to derive the coseismic displacements of each earthquake from the sGNSS and precise leveling data by using the least square method. I provided a geodetic data-based earthquake catalog of Taiwan from 2006 to 2022, which included 2006 ML 7.0 Pingtung offshore earthquake, 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian earthquake, March 2013 ML 6.2 Nantou earthquake, June 2013 ML 6.5 Nantou earthquake, 2013 ML 6.4 Ruisui earthquake, 2016 ML 6.6 Meinong earthquake, 2018 ML 6.2 Hualien earthquake, and 2022 ML 6.8 Yuli earthquake. Then I collected and compared published cGNSS coseismic displacement fields with the sGNSS and precise leveling displacement fields, validating that all patterns of coseismic results are similar, and I calculated the slip distribution on the fault by coseismic source model inversion. For the sGNSS data, although the precision of vertical component is generally three times larger than the horizontal component, the vertical component of sGNSS stations coseismic displacements are still reliable because of the comparison from leveling and cGNSS data. Because most active structures of the Taiwan mountain belt are reverse faults, consequently the precise leveling measurements could improve the resolution of the modeled fault dip angle, which provide important information of the kinematic analysis for these structures. Also, unknown reactivated anticlinal structures in SW Taiwan were discovered in this study, which may be associated with the active mud diapirs. The models could help us understand the type of faulting during the earthquake, estimate the potential of the next earthquake, and evaluate the seismic hazard in the future.

    摘要 I Abstract II Contents III List of Tables V List of Appendix Tables V List of Figures VII 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation and purpose 1 1.2 Coseismic displacement field in Taiwan from previous studies 8 1.2.1 The 1999 ML 7.3 Chi-Chi Earthquake 8 1.2.2 The 2002 ML 6.8 Hualien offshore Earthquake 10 1.2.3 The 2003 ML 6.6 Chengkung Earthquake 11 1.2.4 The 2006 ML 6.2 Peinan Earthquake 13 1.2.5 The 2006 ML 7.0 Pingtung offshore Earthquake 14 1.2.6 The 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian Earthquake 15 1.2.7 The March 2013 ML 6.2 Nantou Earthquake 16 1.2.8 The June 2013 ML 6.5 Nantou Earthquake 17 1.2.9 The 2013 ML 6.4 Rueyshui Earthquake 18 1.2.10 The 2016 ML 6.6 Meinong Earthquake 19 1.2.11 The 2018 ML 6.2 Hualien Earthquake 20 1.2.12 The 2019 ML 6.1 Hualien Earthquake 21 1.3 Coseismic source model of Taiwan from previous studies 22 1.3.1 The 1999 ML 7.6 Chi-Chi Earthquake 22 1.3.2 The 2003 ML 6.6 Chengkung Earthquake 23 1.3.3 The 2006 ML 6.2 Peinan Earthquake 24 1.3.4 The 2006 ML 7.0 Pingtung offshore Earthquake 26 1.3.5 The 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian Earthquake 28 1.3.6 The March 2013 ML 6.2 and June 2013 ML 6.5 Nantou Earthquake 31 1.3.7 The 2013 ML 6.4 Rueyshui Earthquake 32 1.3.8 The 2016 ML 6.6 Meinong Earthquake 33 1.3.9 The 2018 ML 6.2 Hualien Earthquake 34 1.3.10 The 2019 ML 6.1 Hualien Earthquake 35 2. Geological background of Taiwan mountain belt 36 3. Methodology 41 3.1 Geodetic Data collection 41 3.2 GNSS data processing strategy and process 42 3.3 Precise leveling data processing strategy and process 42 3.4 Analysis of coordinate time series 42 3.5 Coseismic source model 44 4. Coseismic displacement field of major Earthquake in Taiwan 52 4.1 The 2006 ML 7.0 Pingtung offshore Earthquake 52 4.2 The 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian Earthquake 54 4.3 The March ML 6.2 and June ML 6.5 2013 Nantou Earthquake 55 4.4 The 2013 ML 6.4 Rueyshui Earthquake 58 4.5 The 2016 ML 6.6 Meinong Earthquake 59 4.6 The 2018 ML 6.2 Hualien Earthquake 61 4.7 The 2022 ML 6.6 Yuli Earthquake 64 4.8 The 2022 ML 6.0 Guangfu Earthquake 66 5. Coseismic source model 67 5.1 The 2006 ML 7.0 Pingtung offshore Earthquake 67 5.2 The 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian Earthquake 69 5.3 The March ML 6.2 and June 2013 ML 6.5 Nantou Earthquake 72 5.4 The 2013 ML 6.4 Rueyshui Earthquake 74 5.5 The 2016 ML 6.6 Meinong Earthquake 76 5.6 The 2018 ML 6.2 Hualien Earthquake 80 5.7 The 2022 ML 6.6 Yuli Earthquake 81 6. Discussion 82 7. Conclusion 87 Reference 88 Appendixes 91

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