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研究生：	曾柏盛 Tseng, Po-Sheng
論文名稱：	材料積層製造知識庫系統之開發 Development of a Knowledge-based System for Materials Additive Manufacturing
指導教授：	黃文星 Hwang, Weng-Sing
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	144
中文關鍵詞：	積層製造、粉床熔融
外文關鍵詞：	Additive manufacturing, Powder bed fusion
相關次數：	點閱：107 下載：3
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查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

積層製造技術發展迅速、日新月異，為了達到更有效率的學習，一個架構清晰、操作簡便的知識庫系統有其開發的必要性，本研究以知識管理(Knowledge Management)的角度為出發點，針對材料積層製造技術製程分類、使用材料、產品應用三大層面蒐集彙整相關文獻資料，然後根據整理歸納後的重點資料，建構出材料積層製造技術之知識庫，並以網頁型式將此知識庫加以呈現。
根據美國材料試驗協會F42委員會的標準規範，積層製造技術加以歸納可以分為七類，包含: 1.光學聚合固化(Vat Photo-polymerization) 2.材料噴塗(Material Jetting) 3.材料擠型(Material Extrusion) 4.黏結劑噴塗(Binder Jetting) 5.薄片疊層(Sheet Lamination) 6.粉床熔融(Powder Bed Fusion) 7.直接能量沉積(Direct Energy Deposition)；而上述技術當中，製造金屬材料的主要技術為粉床熔融與直接能量沉積兩種技術，而本研究針對「金屬積層製造技術」此範疇，做出一個較為深入的探究分析；除此之外，也針對其他五個技術其製造過程、儀器設備、使用材料…等，亦有相當程度的說明介紹。
本研究所建立的知識庫網頁具有知識管理的實用價值，它不僅能幫助初學者瞭解積層製造的材料、製程、應用，除了提供初學者一個基礎知識的介紹平台，亦同時提供進階人員一個便捷的查詢空間；相較於其他的學習管道，本知識庫網站便於操作瀏覽、易於更新擴充，乃為因應e世代潮流的知識取得管道。

There are new knowledges generated in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. To extract knowledge effectively, we need a knowledge-based system with a clear structure. There are three aspects of AM technologies, including classification of processings, materials and application of products. A knowledge-based system has been established from the standpoint of knowledge management and demonstrated in the form of websites.
The knowledge-based system is separated to three divisions, which are classification of processings, materials and application of products. In the first division, processings are classified into seven categories based on phases of starting materials. Phases of starting materials involve liquid phase, semi-liquid phase and solid phase. AM technologies based on liquid phase include vat photo-polymerization, material jetting and binder jetting . AM technology based on semi-liquid phase is termed as fused deposition modeling . AM technologies based on solid powders include powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition. AM technologies based on solid sheets is known as sheet lamination .
In the second division, the materials are divide into three categories, which are polymers, metals and ceramics. In the third division, applications of products are illustrated by case studies. Three divisions are presented in the form of a clear-structured website .
The knowledge-based system for additive manufacturing is valuable for knowledge management. Comparing with other methods of knowledge acquisition, the knowledge-based system is easier to be updated , therefore it is an excellent medium for popularisation the information related to AM technologies.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………I
Extended abstract……………………………………………………III
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………X
目錄………………………………………………………………………XII
表目錄…………………………………………………………………XVII
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………XVIII
第一章 緒論.................................................1
1研究動機與目的...........................................1
2 研究內容與架構..........................................2
3 研究流程................................................3
第二章  知識庫系統架構-歷史演進與製程分類..................10
1 歷史演進...............................................10
2 製程分類...............................................11
2.1 固態粉末.............................................12
2.1.1 粉床熔融法……………………………………………………12
2.1.1.1選擇性雷射燒結………………………………………………13
2.1.1.2直接金屬雷射燒結……………………………………………13
2.1.1.3電子束熔化……………………………………………………14
2.1.1.4選擇性加熱燒結………………………………………………14
2.1.1.5選擇性雷射熔化………………………………………………14
2.1.2 直接能量沉積…………………………………………………15
2.2 固態薄片…………………………………………………………16
2.2.1 超聲波積層製造………………………………………………16
2.2.2疊層物體製造……………………………………………………17
2.3 液態………………………………………………………………17
2.3.1立體光學固化……………………………………………………17
2.3.2 黏結劑噴塗……………………………………………………18
2.3.3 材料噴塗………………………………………………………20
2.4 半液態-熔融沉積成型……………………………………………20
第三章 知識庫系統架構-使用材料……………………………………33
1 高分子材料…………………………………………………………34
1.1 立體光學固化(SLA)之高分子材料………………………………35
1.2 選擇性雷射燒結(SLS)之高分子材料……………………………37
1.3 熔融沉積成型(FDM)之高分子材料………………………………38
2 金屬材料……………………………………………………………39
2.1理論基礎.............................................40
2.1.1 質量傳遞………………………………………………………40
2.1.1.1菲克定律……………………………………………………41
2.1.1.2成核…………………………………………………………42
2.1.1.3成長…………………………………………………………49
2.1.2 熱量傳遞……………………………………………………52
2.1.2.1傳導………………………………………………………54
2.1.2.2對流………………………………………………………56
2.1.2.3輻射………………………………………………………59
2.2粉末性質………………………………………………………62
2.2.1顆粒尺寸……………………………………………………62
2.2.2吸收率與反射率……………………………………………63
2.2.3鋪粉厚度……………………………………………………64
2.3急速熔化………………………………………………………65
2.3.1金屬的膨脹熔化……………………………………………66
2.3.2液態金屬的結構……………………………………………67
2.3.3液態金屬的性質……………………………………………68
2.3.3.1黏度………………………………………………………68
2.3.3.2表面張力…………………………………………………70
2.3.3.3毛細現象與潤濕…………………………………………71
2.3.3.4接觸角……………………………………………………72
2.3.4液態金屬的對流………………………………………………73
2.3.5馬蘭戈尼效應與熔池表面形貌………………………………76
2.4急速凝固…………………………………………………………77
2.4.1凝固參數………………………………………………………77
2.4.2凝固地圖………………………………………………………78
2.4.3凝固之熱力學模式……………………………………………79
2.4.4快速凝固合金之微結構特徵…………………………………81
3 陶瓷材料.............................................83
3.1選擇性雷射燒結(SLS)之陶瓷材料.......................83
3.2選擇性雷射熔化(SLM)之陶瓷材料.......................84
第四章 知識庫系統架構-產品應用..........................117
1 航太產業............................................117
2 生醫產業............................................118
3 模具產業............................................120
4 軍事工業............................................120
第五章 知識庫系統操作介面...............................125
1 網頁設計軟體........................................125
2 美工與影像處理......................................126
第六章 使用範例.........................................130
1 利用主選單..........................................130
第七章 結論.............................................133
第八章 未來工作.........................................134
參考文獻………………………………………………………………135

                                    

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