橡膠軸承在受壓縮方向之剛性，遠大於剪切方向的剛性，此異向性之特性被廣泛運用在建築防震上。近年來，逐漸有學者將橡膠軸承引進精密機械的領域，取代傳統之撓性機構，但目前相關的應用尚未純熟，必需更加了解橡膠軸承在精密機械領域的操作環境中之性質，才能更加有效地運用，因此需要發展一套合適之材料測試系統，針對橡膠軸承在特定之環境做性質檢測，為此本文針對本實驗室林佩君所提出的雙軸材料測試系統進行擴充與改良，發展出一套能針對橡膠軸承檢測的測試系統。本研究針對初代的雙軸材料測試系統現存的缺點進行改善，首先探討原本設計出現之共振問題，接著針對次系統溫控部分進行提升，透過減少熱散失與增加熱源來提高加熱效率，同時完成次系統扭轉系統的完整建構，讓系統可直接量測扭矩與旋轉角度，最後針對雙軸測試系統中音圈馬達施力不足之問題，本文擴充建構高應變壓縮測試系統以補足雙軸系統的限制。在完成雙軸材料測試系統的建構之後，使用此系統針對橡膠軸承進行三項相關性質測試：壓縮測試、剪力測試與疲勞測試。在壓縮測試中探討橡膠在高應變底下的情況，以及進行存在裂紋的壓縮測試與針對橡膠與金屬黏著做探討；在剪力實驗中測試不同尺寸的試片對剪切剛性之影響與探討溫度和固化程度對橡膠軸承性質的影響，並且也討論阻尼性質；最後在疲勞測試中主要探討橡膠軸承在各種狀況下的耐久性，包含不同裂縫長度、不同施加負載與不同固化程度。綜合以上的實驗結果，期望本文之研究成果能夠對橡膠軸承應用至精密機械領域帶來實質效果。

Rubber bearings have been widely applied in seismic engineering and were introduced into precision machine design field recently. Rubber bearings could possibly achieve the same function as that of those much larger compliance mechanisms and therefore this represents a possible advantage in compact precision machine design. However, the mechanical behaviors of rubbers are relatively complicated and must be carefully considered for precision machine applications and existed testing systems may not be adequate and a novel elastomer testing system design should be investigated. In this thesis, based on the previous proposed design, a novel biaxial testing system is constructed. However, this design still exists lots of problems. Therefore, the first task is to revise the previous designs for improving performances in both mechanical and thermal aspects. For example, in this work, the cause of system resonance is identified and the thermal response is also improved by reducing the thermal loss and adding another heat source. On the other hand, the rotational subsystem, which can measure torque and rotation angle, is finally realized for performing a true bi-axial testing. Finally, we also construct a high strain compression test system to conduct the material characterization under very high strain. Through this work, the biaxial material testing system is ready. We then use this system to test the PDMS rubber for investigating essential rubber material properties and structural longevity. To understand the rubber bearing properties, three experiments are considered: compression, shearing, and fatigue tests. On compression test, we discuss the rubber bearing properties in high strain and consider the effect of crack on rubber. In addition, test the adhesion ability between the rubber and the metal in rubber bearing. On shearing test, shape factor, temperature, and damping are considered. Finally, we discuss the rubber durability in different crack length, input and curing situation on fatigue test. Through above works, we complete the biaxial material testing system and we can take these experiment result to offer some references for rubber bearing applied on precision machine.

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