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研究生： 石樂琦
Shih, Le-Chi
論文名稱： 公車路線設計下的補貼分配最佳化
Optimal Subsidy Allocation for Bus Route Design
指導教授： 胡大瀛
Hu, Ta-Yin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年： 2017
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 95
中文關鍵詞： 公車路線設計 、補貼分配 、多目標問題 、ε-限制法 、雙層規劃法
外文關鍵詞： transit network design, subsidy allocation, multi-objective problem, ε-constraint method, bi-level programming method
相關次數： 點閱：131  下載：13 
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    • 大眾運輸工具為一共享運輸的服務，包含了公車、捷運、以及輕軌系統。他們產生的效益有節能、減少空氣汙染、減少擁擠、以及提升了便利性。對於公車營運者來說，要達到這些效益需要有一個完整的路網和足夠的資金才能營運。因此，公車路線設計和補貼是兩個應該被討論的重要議題。
    路線設計一直是最佳化問題中的重要課題。一般來說，在設計商用車輛的路線時只考慮使用者和營運者。然而，對於公車路線設計問題，由於加入補貼的元素，所以我們不僅考慮使用者和營運者，也同時考慮政府單位。由於缺乏補貼分配模式，公帑常被浪費且不公平的分配。為了最小化使用者和政府單位的成本並最大化營運者的收益，我們需要結合考慮使用者、營運者、和政府單位這三個方面。
    本研究的目的是在給定起訖對的情況下，考慮三個衝突目標來設計最佳公車路線，並決定公車路線下的最佳補貼分配。因此，我們建構一個多目標問題並使用ε-限制法以求得此問題的最佳解，再用雙層規劃法來進行驗證。所提出的方法在台灣的嘉義路網中進行測試。

    Public transportation is a shared transport service including bus, mass rapid transit (MRT), and light rail transit (LRT), which provide energy saving, air pollution reduction, congestion reduction and convenience enhancement. To bus operators, there must be a complete network and enough money to operate. As a result, bus route design and subsidy are two important issues which should be discussed.
    Route design has been an important topic of optimization problems. Generally speaking, it takes only users and operators into consideration when designing routes for commercial vehicles. However, in the bus route design problem, we take not only users and operators into consideration but also authorities as a result of subsidies. Because there is lack of subsidy allocation model, public funds are wasted and not allocated fairly. In order to minimize the users’ and authorities’ cost and maximize the operators’ profit, we need to combine the three aspects.
    The purposes of this research are to design the optimal bus routes under the consideration of three conflict objectives when origin-destination pairs are given, and to determine the optimal subsidy allocation for bus routes. As a result, we formulate a multi-objective problem with ε-constraint method to find the optimal solution and use bi-level programming method to verify it. The proposed methods are tested in a realistic network in Chiayi, Taiwan.

    ABSTRACT I 摘要 II TABLE OF CONTENTS III LIST OF TABLES VI LIST OF FIGURES VIII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1 1.2 Research Objective 2 1.3 Research Flow Chart 2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Transit Network Design 5 2.2 Subsidy 9 2.3 Multi-Objective Optimization Approach 10 2.3.1 Model of Multi-Objective Optimization 11 2.3.2 Applications of Multi-Objectives Approach in TNDP 12 2.4 ε-Constraint Method 14 2.5 Bi-Level Programming Method 19 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 Problem Statement and Research Assumption 21 3.2 Research Framework 22 3.3 Model Formulation 25 3.4 Subsidy 28 3.5 Solution Algorithm 30 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENT DESIGN 42 4.1 Algorithm Framework 42 4.2 Data Description 45 4.2.1 Basic Data of Experimental Network 45 4.2.2 O-D Demand 46 4.2.3 Subsidy 49 4.3 Summary 52 CHAPTER 5 EMPIRICAL STUDY 53 5.1 Results of the ε-constraint Method with the Objective of Subsidy 53 5.2 Results of the ε-constraint Method with the Objective of Travel Cost 61 5.3 Results of the ε-constraint Method with the Objective of Service Population 67 5.4 Result of Bi-Level Programming Method and Comparison 73 5.5 Comparison of the Research with the Current Practice 77 5.6 Summary 82 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESIONS 83 6.1 Conclusions 83 6.2 Suggestions 84 REFERENCES 85 Appendix A Empirical study parameter table 89 Appendix B O-D table 95

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