邊坡塊體崩塌是台灣主要的地質災害之一，常伴隨著颱風及豪大雨事件，形成夾帶大量土砂的土石流，造成各類災害。近年來透過數值模擬研究降雨引致邊坡破壞，成為了解崩塌過程的方法之一，其中有限元素法常用於探究邊坡材料力學與破壞行為。有鑑於崩塌過程的複雜性，降雨引致邊坡破壞為漸進式的過程，可區分為邊坡破壞前以及破壞後。在有限元程式Abaqus中，不同類型的網格單元應用於特定之岩土工程問題。尤拉-拉格朗日耦合分析採用EC3D8R網格單元，而此類網格單元無法分析材料的水文特性，如：滲透係數及孔隙比，因此需採用拉格朗日分析中處理滲流問題的網格單元進行分析。然而，當網格過度扭曲變形時拉格朗日分析將無法完成計算，為了處理劇烈變形行為則需採用尤拉-拉格朗日耦合分析。因此本研究模擬降雨引致邊坡破壞的運動過程，先以拉格朗日分析進行邊坡降雨入滲分析，再以尤拉-拉格朗日耦合分析，模擬崩塌土石材料運移行為。
本研究以嘉義縣中心崙潛在崩塌邊坡，以及2016年台東縣紅葉村土石流為例，運用拉格朗日分析模擬邊坡位移量，再與實際觀測位移量進行數值與時間點比對，驗證模型設置與材料參數的有效性，並獲取地質材料達到臨界破壞的參數數值。後續運用尤拉-拉格朗日耦合分析，將臨界破壞的材料參數作為崩塌塊體的材料特性，模擬崩塌運移的運動過程，且反應材料運移產生的剷刮及侵蝕行為。模擬結果顯示，地質模型的建置是影響模擬成果的關鍵因子之一。例如，中心崙案例無法完整計算整個邊坡範圍，因此需劃分東、西側邊坡分別進行分析，其中地形的差異，造成東、西側崩塌材料運動過程的不同。另外，紅葉村的源頭區材料則分為二階段崩落，根據加速度的時序變化，材料運動的速度變化可對應地形的變化，其中崩塌滑移速度於兩階段的最高速度分別達15.19 m/s以及7.26 m/s。

Slope failure is one of the main geohazards in Taiwan. It often occurs during typhoons and heavy rain, forming debris flow with large amounts of soil and rock, causing various disasters. In recent years, the studies on the slope disasters caused by rainfall through numerical simulation has become one of common methods to understand the collapse processes. Among them, the finite element method is often used to investigate slope mechanics and failure behaviors. In the finite element program Abaqus, each type of grid element is suitable to certain of geotechnical problems. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) analysis uses the grid element EC3D8R, but this type of element cannot analyze the hydrological properties of materiala, e.g. permeability coefficient and void ratio. The Lagrangian analysis with the appropriate types of grid element is applied to deal with seepage problem. However, the Lagrangian analysis will not be able to complete the calculation when the mesh is excessively distorted and deformed. In order to deal with severe deformation behavior, the CEL analysis is required. In the study, the Lagrangian analysis was used to simulate the process of slope instability caused by rainfall, and then CEL analysis was used to simulate the migration behavior of collapsed soil and rock materials.
In the study, the potential landslide slope in Zhongxinglun, Chiayi County, and the debris flow in Hongye Village, Taitung County in 2016 were chosen as the examples to reconstruct the Progressive Processes of Slope Failure induced by Rainfall with the Finite Element Methods. Using the Lagrangian analysis, the material properties as slope was under critical condition were successfully obtained by comparing the simulated displacement with the observed displacement. Subsequently, the CEL analysis using the critical material properties was used to simulate the movement processes of the collapsed materials. The simulation results show that a propriate geological model is one of the key factors affecting the simulation. For the potential landslide slope in Zhongxinglun, the Lagrangian analysis cannot be implemented with a geological model of the whole slope, hence the slope has to be divided into the east and west slopes for analysis. The difference in topography results in different movement processes of collapsed materials on the east and west slopes. The collapse of the source area in Hongye Village can be divided into two stages. According to the time series of acceleration, the velocity change of the material movement can correspond to the change of the terrain. The maximum speed of the two stages of collapse is 15.19 m/s and 7.26 m/s, respectively.

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