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研究生: 蕭涵
Hsiao, Han
論文名稱: 詹姆斯.貝瑞(James Barry,1741-1806)之研究
The Study of James Barry(1741-1806)
指導教授: 張勝柏
Chang, Sheng-Po
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 文學院 - 歷史學系
Department of History
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 120
中文關鍵詞: 歷史畫新古典主義18 世紀英國社會詹姆斯.貝瑞皇家藝術學院
外文關鍵詞: History Painting, Neoclassicism, British Society in 18th Century, James Barry, the Royal Academy of Art
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  • 18 世紀末英國歷經工業革命及政治改革,成為世界經濟強國,物質無虞之
    餘,社會大眾開始發展精神層面的娛樂,政府也因應民情於 18 世紀末成立皇家藝術學院(The Royal Academy of Arts),皇家藝術學院也培養出眾多優秀的當代藝術家。
    此種致力推動藝術發展的風氣下,許多異地藝術家們也紛紛前往英國發展藝術事業,愛爾蘭籍畫家詹姆斯.貝瑞(James Barry,1741-1806)即獨身前往倫敦發展藝術事業,貝瑞出生於科克(Cork)天主教家庭,年少時因〈卡舍爾國王的洗禮〉(Baptism of King Cashel by St. Patrick)一舉成名,受到政治家艾德蒙.柏克(Edmund Burke)的賞賜贊助其前往歐陸學習古典藝術,這段歐陸學習的經歷也奠定貝瑞的創作基礎,學成歸國後於皇家藝術學院教書。
    貝瑞的作品堅持取材自古希臘、羅馬題材,並期許自己的繪畫能兼具娛樂與教化目的,喜愛在作品中加入寓意讓觀者思考。運用戲劇性的明暗對照法與人物的連續性動作引導觀者觀看作品表達主題。雖然貝瑞所堅持的繪畫取材與風格因不易理解暨與時代風格不符,在當代引起褒貶不一的評價,貝瑞仍為十分傑出的18 世紀愛爾蘭籍畫家。
    本文以時代背景討論貝瑞與當代藝術發展的關係,先論及貝瑞的生平與 18世紀英國社會發展的背景,其次為浪漫主義藝術於英國藝術界的發展,並梳理貝瑞的藝術評論文章、藝術形式,及相關藝評家對貝瑞的評論探討貝瑞的特殊性地位,了解貝瑞一生的歷程與在當代的地位。

    Abstract
    The Study of James Barry(1741-1806)
    Hsiao, Han
    Advisor:Chang, Sheng-Po
    Department of History, College of Liberal Arts
    Summery
    This thesis is about to realize the connection between Barry and contemporary art in the time of his era by discussing Barry’s works and style that emphasize Barry’s position in 18th century, and it is separated in three parts which are Barry staying in Ireland(1769-1771), studying in Europe(1771-1765), and the return to Britain(1771-1806).
    The research method of this thesis is to analyze literature and use related pictorial material and method for distinguishing the development in style to ensure the accuracy of the results. After the discussion, we can realize that although the style of Barry’s painting wasn't the mainstream in 18th century, he was a great Irish painter at that time.
    Key words: History Painting, Neoclassicism, British Society in 18th Century, James Barry, the Royal Academy of Art
    Introduction
    In the late 18th century, the UK was in a period of Industrial Revolution and political stability, so, with a strong and prosperous economy, people started to develop the entertainment in aspects of spirit. Hence, the government of the UK established the Royal Academy of Arts, where many outstanding contemporary artists educated.
    With the trend in supporting making art, artists from other sides went to the UK to
    attain the achievement of their domains, and an Irish painter, James Barry (1741-1806) was one of the artists went to London. Barry, born in Cork, caught public notice and gained acquaintance and patronage of Edmund Burke, a statesman, by his Baptism of King Cashel by St. Patrick, so he had a chance to learn classicism in Europe, which was the great impact on his creating. Afterwards, Barry taught in the Royal Academy of Arts after he returned to London.
    Barry applied the elements of ancient Greek and Rome to his works and expected that his works can entertain and enlighten people, so he brought viewers with the skills of chiaroscuro continuing action of figures to his works. Although the style of Barry’s painting wasn't the mainstream in 18th century, he was a great Irish painter at that time.
    Materials and Methods
    The research method of this thesis is to analyze literature and use related pictorial material and method for distinguishing the development in style to ensure the accuracy of the results.
    This thesis is about to realize the connection between Barry and contemporary art in the time of his era, and it is separated in three parts which are Barry’s life and the British society in 18th century, the impact of Romanticism to the development of British art, and organization of the comment about Barry’s works and style that emphasize Barry’s position in 18th century.
    Results and Discussion
    James Barry grew up in the society of mercantilism. Although the style of Barry’s painting wasn't the mainstream in 18th century, he still insist the his own ideal, and never compromise with reality. Barry always be criticized by aesthetician due to his emotional problem and theory, he also hope his art could bring the creative idea to public.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝詞 IV 第一章、緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 1 第二節 研究回顧 2 第三節 研究限制 9 第四節 章節安排與研究方法 9 第二章 詹姆斯.貝瑞與18世紀英國社會 11 第一節 詹姆斯.貝瑞的生平 11 一、1741-1765愛爾蘭藝術界的藝術新星 11 二、1765-1771年赴歐陸學習 15 三、1771-1806年回到英國進入皇家藝術學院工作 21 第二節18世紀英國社會的重商風氣 28 一、工業革命的影響 28 二、自由主義與輝格黨 30 三、英國社會的變遷 33 第三節 喬治三世時期的藝術發展 36 一、英國藝術家的發展困境 37 二、官方贊助藝術—皇家藝術學院 39 三、皇家藝術學院的藝術風格—折衷主義的發展 42 第三章 浪漫主義與18世紀英國藝術流派的發展 47 第一節 浪漫主義之緣起 47 第二節 浪漫主義在英國的發展 52 一、浪漫主義與新古典主義 55 第三節 18世紀英國藝術流派的發展 61 一、新古典主義 62 二、洛可可風格 64 三、浪漫主義 65 四、 風景畫 66 第四章 詹姆斯.貝瑞對藝術潮流的質疑 68 第一節 貝瑞的藝術理念 68 一、貝瑞的藝術理論 68 二、對公眾藝術品味的低下的憂心 72 三、皇家藝術學院的腐敗 74 第二節 詹姆斯.貝瑞的繪畫特色 78 第三節 評論家眼中的詹姆斯.貝瑞 94 一、 當代的不理解 94 二、 後代的轉變與理解 96 三、20世紀的肯定 97 第五章 結論 101 參考書目 106

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    121
    苗勇忠,〈霍加斯與他的「社會道德題材」繪畫〉,《長治學院學報》,2006:3(長
    治市,2006),頁 66-67。
    陳琦、周慶元,〈喬治三世時期英國輝格黨的制度化及其歷史意義〉,《文教資料》,
    2005:33 (南京市,2005),頁 155-156。
    陳志瑞,〈保守與自由—埃德蒙柏克的政治思想〉,《世界歷史》,5:1997 (北京市,2008),頁 39-46。
    楚小慶,〈西方拉斐爾前派風景繪畫的藝術風格及其自然主義美學傾向的文化淵源〉,《學術論 壇》,2011:12(廣西市,2011),頁 82-88。
    楊肅獻,〈柏克思想與英格蘭啟蒙運動〉,《臺大歷史學報》,42:2008 (臺北市,2008),頁 107-171。
    張秀蓉,〈工業革命的社會影響〉,《食貨月刊》,4:3 (上海市,1974),頁 92-99。
    張聖林,〈淺析德拉克洛瓦浪漫主義繪畫表現手法〉,《美術界》,2012:6 (南寧市,2012),頁 21。
    張旭春,〈革命•意識•語言:英國浪漫主義研究中的幾大主導範式〉,《外國文學評論》,2001:1 (北京市,2001),頁 116-127。
    張清民,〈20 世紀 30 年代浪漫主義境遇的藝術社會學分析〉,《商丘師範學院報》,31:7 (商丘市,2015),頁 77-81。
    章燕,〈英國浪漫主義詩歌研究在後現代文化視域中的多元走向〉,《外國文學研究》,2003:5 (武漢市,2003),頁 140-146、176。
    淩繼堯、季欣,〈浪漫主義美學與藝術學的理論思考〉,《東南大學學報》,6:5 (南
    京市,2004),頁 68-72、77-78。
    黃山松,〈英美浪漫主義美學審美趣味觀研究〉,《作家雜誌》,2013:11 (長春市,2013),頁 161-162。
    裴亞琴,〈柏克的政治思想與英國輝格傳統〉,《政治思想史》,18:2 (天津市,2014),頁 101-200。
    施建生,〈國富論的要旨〉,《經濟前瞻》,121:2008 (臺北市,2008),頁 82-86。
    劉波,〈波德賴爾與法國浪漫主義思潮〉,《四川外語學院學報》,19:5 (重慶市,
    2003),頁 13-19。
    (三)英文期刊
    Adrien, Muriel. ―Tom Dunne and William L. Pressly, James Barry, 1741-1806:
    History Painter,‖ Miranda 5 (May, 2011): 1-6.
    Baudino, Isabelle. ―Difficult Beginning ? The Early Years of the Royal Academy of
    Arts in London, ‖ Etudes Anglaises 66:3 (July 2013): 181-194.
    Brown, David Blayney. ―Testaments of Friendship; Two New Portraits by James
    Barry of Francis Douce and Joseph Nollekens,‖ The Art Bulletin Magazine 128.994 (Jan., 1959): 27-29、31.
    Hirsch, Edward. ―The Imaginary Irish Peasant,‖ PMLA 106.5 (Oct., 1991): 1116-1133.
    Irwin, David. ―James Barry, and the Death of Wolfe in 1759,‖ The Art Bulletin
    Magazine 41.4 (Dec., 1959): 330-332.
    Kemp, Martin. ―True to Their Natures: sir Joshua Reynolds and Dr. William Hunter at The Royal Academy of Arts,‖ Notes and Records of the Royal Society of
    London 46:3, (Jan. 1992) : 77-88.
    Knight, Richard Payne-The Works of James Barry, Esq. Historical Painter with some
    Account of his Life and Writings,‖ The Edinburgh Review16:1954 (Aug. 1954): 321.
    Morgan, H. Cliff. ―The Schools of the Royal Academy, ‖ British Journal of
    Educational Studies 21:1 (Feb. 1973): 88-103.
    Paulson, Ronald. ―The Harlot's Progress and the Tradition of History Painting,‖
    Eighteenth-Century Studies 1:1 (Autumn, 1967): 69-92.
    Paul Gordon, Scott. ―Reading Patriot Art: James Barry's King Lear‖ Eighteenth-Century Studies 36.4 (Summer, 2003): 491-509.
    Pressly, William L. ―James Barry's 'The Baptism of the King of Cashel by St Patrick',‖
    The Burlington Magazine 118:882 (Sep. 1976): 642-647.
    Wark, R. R. ―A Note on James Barry and Edmund Burke,‖ Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes17.3/4 (unkown, 1954): 382-384.
    Wark, R. R. ―The Iconography and Date of James Barry's Self-Portrait in Dublin,‖
    The Art Bulletin Magazine 96.614 (May, 1959): 153-154、159.
    三、論文
    許逸涵,《從法國大革命到光榮革命─艾德蒙‧柏克的 1688 年革命詮釋》,臺北:
    國立臺灣大學碩士論文,2014。
    四、網路資料
    三姑書齋,〈皮埃爾·保羅·普呂東作品欣賞〉,
    http://www.360doc.com/content/16/0209/21/16520842_533491971.shtml,擷取
    日期:2019 年 6 月 30 日。
    每日頭條,〈威廉·荷加斯:刺向 18 世紀英國權貴骯髒生活的尖刀〉,https://kknews.cc/culture/e9nyl5n.html,擷取日期:2019 年 9 月 28 日。
    每日頭條,〈庚斯博羅生平及油畫技法簡析〉,
    https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/culture/ygy5ej.html 擷取日期: 2021 年 3 月 6 日。
    吾淳,〈西方古典繪畫入門〉,https://read01.com/E8nxy7N.html#.YEML3egzY2w,
    擷取日期: 2021 年 3 月 6 日。
    陳建洪,〈論霍布斯的恐懼概念〉,http://www.aisixiang.com/data/80870-2.html,
    擷取日期:2019 年 5 月 9 日。
    家西文化,〈洛可可風與龐巴度夫人〉,
    https://home-plus-art.com/2015/01/20/%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%
    AF%E9%A2%A8%E8%88%87%E9%BE%90%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%A6%E
    5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%88madame-de-pompadour%EF%BC%8]
    9/,擷取日期:2019 年 5 月 21 日。
    新京報,〈埃德蒙.柏克 「我從不讓抽象的東西主宰自己」〉,
    https://kknews.cc/history/86qmp5e.html 擷取日期:2019 年 5 月 7 日。
    馬新國,〈歐洲浪漫主義文學思潮與康得美學〉,
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    2019 年 6 月 1 日。
    張琳涓,〈在浪漫生活博物館裡感受謝弗的浪漫〉,
    http://wap.art.ifeng.com/?app=system&controller=artmobile&action=content&c
    ontentid=3407913 擷取日期:2019 年 5 月 21 日。
    彭輝榮,〈英國浪漫主義時期文學想像力的真諦〉https://www.lungteng.com.tw/LungTengNet/HtmlMemberArea/
    publish/Newpaper/018/english/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%AA%
    E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E6%83%B3%E5%83%8F%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6.pdf,擷取日期:2019 年 6 月 15 日。
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    http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/arts-literature/art-artists/james-
    barry- (1741-1806)/barrys-greatest-project-i/. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7月 24 日。
    Ask about Ireland, ―Sojourn at Rome and the Painting of History,‖
    http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/arts-literature/art-artists/james-ba
    rry-(1741-1806)/sojourn-at-rome-and-the-p/. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 23 日。
    Ask about Ireland, ―Sojourn at Rome and the Painting of History,‖
    http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/arts-literature/art-artists/
    james-barry-(1741-1806)/sojourn-at-rome-and-the-p/. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7月
    20 日。
    Art History in England, ―Reynolds and Gainsborough : two famous portraitists in the XVIII the century, Art History in England,‖
    https://englishpainters.wordpress.com/2014/01/12/reynolds-and-gainsborough-t
    wo-famous-portraitists-in-the-xviiith-century/ 擷取日期: 2021 年 3 月 6 日。
    C. Evans, ―Historical Manuscripts Commission Summary report on the records
    18th-20th century of The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts,
    Manufactures and Commerce,‖ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/lists/GB-0403-RSA.htm. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 24 日。
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    16 日。
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    https://www.libraryireland.com/irishartists/james-barry.php. 擷取日期: 2019
    年 9 月 21 日。
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    Britain, ‖
    https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/organisation/incorporated-societyof-artists-of-great-britain,擷取日期:2019 年 9 月 27 日。
    RA Collection: Archive, ―Instrument of Foundation, ‖
    https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/archive/instrument-of-foundation ,
    擷取日期:2019 年 9 月 26 日。
    RA Collection, ―The exhibition of the Royal Academy, MDCCLXIX. (1769), ‖
    https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/exhibition-catalogue/ra-sec-vol1-
    1769 擷取日期:2019 年 9 月 28 日。
    Revolvy, ―Eclecticism in art,‖https://www.revolvy.com/page/Eclecticism-in-art 擷取
    日期:2019 年 9 月 30 日。
    Revolvy, ―Lady Elizabeth Delmé and Her Children Revolvy,‖
    https://www.revolvy.com/page/Lady-Elizabeth-Delm%C3%A9-and-Her-Child
    ren, 擷取日期:2019 年 9 月 30 日。
    The Art Story, ―Artworks by Jean-Honoré Fragonard,‖
    https://www.theartstory.org/artist/fragonard-jean-honore/artworks/, 擷取日期:
    2019 年 5 月 21 日。
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    https://www.irishtimes.com/news/an-art-neoclass-1.517591, accessed
    September 21, 2019.
    The correspondence of James Barry, ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to DUKE OF
    RICHMOND, written 29 August 1773, at London,‖
    http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_eb_13.01.1771.xml;query=;brand
    126=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 9 月 22 日。
    The correspondence of James Barry, ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to CHARLES
    JAMES FOX, written 5 October 1800, at Castle Street, London‖
    http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_fox_05.10.1800.xml;query=;
    brand=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 8 月 20 日。
    The correspondence of James Barry, ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to EARL OF
    RADNOR, written 26 December 1794, at London,‖
    http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_radnor_26.12.1794.xml;query=
    ;brand=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 8 月 15 日。
    The correspondence of James Barry, Letter from R.J.L. to JAMES BARRY, written
    ante 11 May 1783 , at London,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_R.J.L._jb_ante11.05.1783.xml;query
    =;brand=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 25 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, ed.,―Letter from DR. JOSEPH FENN SLEIGH to JAMES BARRY ,
    written 31 December 1763, at Cork,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_sleigh_jb_31.12.1763.xml;query=;br
    and=default, 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 15 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, ed., ― Letter from JAMES BARRY to EDMUND BURKE, written
    13 January 1771, at Parma,”http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_eb_13.01.1771.xml;query=;brand
    =default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 23 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, eds, ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to HIS PARENTS, written 8
    November 1769, at Rome,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_parents_08.11.1769.xml;query=;brand=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 23 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, ed., ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to DR. JOSEPH FENN SLEIGH, written November 1767, at Rome,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_eb_05.12.1765.xml;query=;brand=default, 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 21 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, ed.,―Letter from JAMES BARRY to EDMUND BURKE, written 5
    December 1765, at Paris,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view?docId=L_jb_eb_05.12.1765.xml;query=;brand=default, 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 22 日。
    Tim McLoughlin, ed., ―Letter from JAMES BARRY to EDMUND BURKE , written
    22 May 1768, at Rome,‖ http://www.texte.ie/barry/view docId=L_jb_eb_22.05.1768.xml;query=;brand=default. 擷取日期: 2019 年 7 月 22 日

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