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研究生: 林韻如
Lin, Yun-Ju
論文名稱: 消費者之電動汽車購買偏好- 潛在變數選擇模式之應用
Consumer Preferences for Purchasing Electric Vehicles-An Application of Latent Variable Choice Model
指導教授: 陳勁甫
Chen, Ching-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 交通管理科學系
Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science
論文出版年: 2011
畢業學年度: 99
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 93
中文關鍵詞: 電動汽車敘述性偏好潛在變數選擇模式願付價格
外文關鍵詞: Electric vehicle, Stated preference, Latent variable choice model, Willingness to pay
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  • 隨著經濟成長及都市的快速發展,汽機車逐漸成為大眾用以滿足旅運需求的運具,而這樣的現象不但造成都會區的壅塞,更是溫室氣體重要來源之一。故「減碳策略」成為了都市發展重要議題,各國電動車的研發也因此加快腳步,看好的就是未來電動車的龐大市場發展潛力。我國政府也不例外,經濟部為達產業發展政策目標,擬定推動低碳節能之新興智慧電動車產業。但電動汽車的市場遲遲無法普及全國,故了解消費者對於電動汽車之選擇偏好為本研究之主要目的。由於過去車輛選擇偏好研究之文獻,大部份均只使用羅吉特模式分析,尚未加入潛在變數探討消費者之選擇行為,故本研究運用了敘述性偏好法設計問卷,並透過潛在變數選擇模式進行分析。
      由研究分析結果顯示,在屬性方面,受訪者對於電動汽車之購買價格以及充電/加油時間呈負向偏好,而對於電動汽車之續航力以及充電/加油便利性呈現正向偏好。在潛在變數方面,顯示潛在變數會受到受訪者之社經變數影響,進而影響消費者之選擇行為。而從研究結果得知,可能消費者尚未深入了解電動汽車此新產品,故對於電動汽車之風險認知頗高,且環境態度的變數亦應證了文獻中所提,環境認知越高者越偏好購買電動汽車。最後進行消費者願付價格分析,分析結果顯示受訪者願付最高價格換取之汽車屬性為充電/加油便利性,對於充電/加油時間則只願意付低價換取。最後根據本研究之結果分析,給予政府以及業者有效之建議或是擬定策略之參考。

    In Taiwan, cars and motorcycles have played important roles of transport demand with the rapid growth of economy. This phenomenon caused not only the traffic congestion but also one of the main source of GHG emission. Thus, reducing emission of vehicles and development of EV are necessary trend of this situation. If government wants to encourage people for purchasing EV, the most important thing is to understand what customers prefer and what they concern. Most past researches relative to preference for choosing alternative vehicles used logit model without latent variables. Thus, this research used the latent variable choice model for this case.
    The results of our study shows that, except for refuel cost, all attributes are significant with the expected signs in both the MNL model and the LVCM. In both model, coefficients of PRICE and Refuel Time are negative, while of Range and refuel availability are positive. With regard to latent variables, it confirmed that latent variables are influenced by social-economic variables. Both PR and EN are significant with the expected signs: It is negative for PR and positive for EN. In the analysis of willingness to pay, consumers think that the most important attribute is refueling avalibility, and least important attribute is refueling time.These results could be considered as useful suggestion for government and manufacturers.

    中文摘要 .............................................. I ABSTRACT ........................................ II 表目錄 ................................................ VI 圖目錄 ................................................ VII 第一章 緒論 ................................ 8 1.1 研究背景與動機 ........................... 8 1.2 研究目的 ..................................... 12 1.3 研究範圍與對象 ............................ 12 1.4 研究流程 .................................. 13 第二章 文獻回顧 ........................................... 15 2.1 電動車輛之意義與內涵 ............................... 15 2.2 國內外電動車輛之發展現況 ................................. 17 2.2.1 國外之電動車輛發展現況 .............................. 17 2.2.2 國內之電動車輛發展現況 ................. 20 2.3 電動車輛選擇偏好相關文獻 .................. 23 2.4 環境態度 .................................. 29 2.5 知覺風險 ................................ 32 第三章 研究方法 ...................................... 35 3.1 敘述性偏好法 ......................................... 35 3.1.1 敘述性偏好法之基本概念 ................................ 36 3.1.2 敘述性偏好法之實驗設計 ...................................... 37 3.1.3 敘述性偏好之衡量尺度及參數校估方法 ...................... 38 3.2 多項羅吉特模式 .............................. 39 3.3 潛在變數選擇模式 .................................... 41 3.4 潛在變數選擇模式之研究架構圖 .............................. 44 3.5 模式適合度檢定 ...................................... 45 3.6 願付價格 .................................. 46 3.7 問卷設計 .................................................. 46 3.7.1 前測問卷 ..................................... 47 3.7.2 屬性水準值設計 ........................................... 47 3.8 敘述性偏好實驗設計與抽樣 ....................................... 50 3.8.1 實驗設計 .................................. 50 3.8.2 問卷抽樣 ................................... 53 第四章 實證分析 ............................................... 54 4.1 問卷樣本特性 ...................................... 54 4.1.1 人口統計特性 .................................... 54 4.1.2 知覺風險特性 ............................................. 56 4.1.3 環境和科技態度特性 ........................... 57 4.2 模式變數之設定 ................................................ 57 4.2.1 替選方案設定 .................................... 58 4.2.2 電動汽車屬性設定 .................................... 58 4.2.3 潛在變數設定 ............................ 59 4.2.4 社會經濟特徵與汽車使用經驗 ..................................... 62 4.3 多項羅吉特模式與潛在變數選擇模式分析結果 .................... 63 4.3.1 多項羅吉特模式分析結果 ............................................. 63 4.3.2 潛在變數選擇模式分析結果 ......................................... 65 4.4 概似比檢定 .................................. 70 4.5 願付價格 ........................................ 71 4.6 小結 ............................ 72 第五章 結論與建議 ....................................... 74 5.1 結論 .................................. 74 5.1.1 受訪者對於電動汽車屬性偏好 ..................................... 74 5.1.2 潛在變數對於電動汽車偏好之影響 ............................. 75 5.1.3 受訪者之願付價格 .......................................................... 75 5.2 建議 ........................................ 76 5.2.1 給予業者之建議 ....................................... 76 5.2.2 給予政府單位之建議 ...................................................... 76 5.2.3 給予後續研究者之建議 ................................................. 78 參考文獻 ......................................... 79 中文文獻 ......................................... 79 英文文獻 .......................................... 80 附錄一 前測問卷(一) .................................... 84 附錄二 前測問卷(二) ....................................... 85 附錄三 正式問卷 ...................................................... 89

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