多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物是許多燃燒或工業製程的副產物，在工業化國家中廣泛存在於環境中。多氯戴奧辛/呋喃的暴露可能會產生許多健康上的危害，國際癌症組織 (IARC) 也將在2, 3, 7,8位置氯位取代的四氯戴奧辛 (2,3,7,8-TCDD) 歸類為確定人類致癌物。人類通常透過食物、空氣、土壤等介質，暴露到多種混合的多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物。過去數十年來，由於分析技術的進步，使得我們可以量測到人類組織中微量的多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物。在台灣，百分之九十以上的居民居住在高度工業化及焚化爐、工廠林立的西部地區。本研究目的為評估台灣地區居民多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物暴露，且特別注重人類多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物分佈型態之探討。本研究建立了台灣地區四個特定族群體內多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物濃度及分佈型態之資料庫，其中包含一般居民之成人族群、一般居民之嬰兒族群、1979年發生之米糠油中毒事件的受害者及居住在五氯酚工廠附近之居民。這個資料庫可以提供台灣地區多氯戴奧辛/呋喃監測計畫之科學性參考資料。研究初步結果顯示，台灣地區一般居民血液中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度比其他工業化國家低；血液中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度與年齡、性別、居住地、飲食型態、及抽煙習慣有關，且年齡和血液中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之關係在年輕族群(小於30歲)及年老族群(大於30歲)並不一致。更進一步研究結果顯示，血液中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物分佈型態與年齡及性別有關。對於一般民眾之嬰兒族群而言，多氯戴奧辛/呋喃的暴露透過母乳及配方奶粉中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃含量間接計算；結果顯示，餵食母乳的12個月大嬰兒平均每日多氯戴奧辛/呋喃攝入量為餵食配方奶粉的6.2倍 (13/2.1, pg WHO1998-TEQ/kg/day)。對於米糠油中毒事件的受害者，在暴露15年後 (1994年) 受害者體內多氯聯苯及多氯戴奧辛/呋喃的濃度仍分別比一般民眾高9倍及50倍。進一步探討多氯聯苯及多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物分佈型態顯示，米糠油事件的受害者血液中多氯聯苯及多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物分佈型態至少有3種不同的同源物分佈型態；不同的同源物分佈型態顯示米糠油事件的受害者可能有不同的暴露情境或是個體之間對於多氯聯苯及多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物的代謝能力不同所造成。對於居住在五氯酚工廠附近之居民的而言，居住在五氯酚工廠附近之居民血液中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度比台灣地區一般民眾高；且在工廠附近採集的居民血液、魚及土壤樣本中多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物分佈型態與台灣其他無特定污染之地區的樣本同源物分佈型態不同。由上述研究結果初步推論，該地區之居民可能受到高濃度之特定來源的多氯戴奧辛/呋喃同源物暴露。

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) are unintentional by-products in various thermal and industrial processes and ubiquitous environmental pollutants in most industrialized countries. Exposure to PCDD/PCDFs can result in a broad spectrum of health effects and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is a human carcinogen. Humans are always exposed to mixtures of PCDD/PCDFs from various media (food, air, soil) in the environment. Analytic techniques developed during the past few decades make it possible to measure PCDD/PCDFs down to the parts per trillion levels in human tissues. In Taiwan, about 90% of the population lives on the urbanized and industrialized western plain of the island and there are twenty municipal waste incinerators and many factories with combustive processes. The current research was conducted to assess the PCDD/PCDF exposure in Taiwan residents and mainly focused on evaluating the implication of PCDD/PCDF congener profile in human. We established the database of PCDD/PCDF levels and congener profiles in the four specific groups, general population of adults, general population of infant, the victims of Yucheng accident in 1979, and the residents living in the vicinity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) contamination site. The database of PCDD/PCDF levels in the Taiwanese population could provide a scientific basis for setting up dioxin monitoring and regulatory programs. Our preliminary finding revealed that the PCDD/PCDF levels in the general population of Taiwan were low when compared to those reported in other industrialized countries. Five factors, age, gender, residential region, dietary status, and smoking status, showed statistically significant association with the PCDD/PCDF levels in the general population of Taiwan. The trends observed between age and the PCDD/PCDF levels were not parallel in young subjects (< 30 years old) and old subjects (> 30 years old). In addition, age and gender were associated with PCDD/PCDF congener patterns in the general population of Taiwan. For infants the PCDD/PCDF exposure was calculated indirectly by the PCDD/PCDF levels in breast milk and/or formula milk. At 12th month of age for infants, the average daily intake of PCDD/PCDFs for breast-feeding infants was 6.2 times (13/2.1, pg WHO1998-TEQ/kg/day) higher than those for formula-feeding infants. For the Yucheng victims, they continued to have high serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and PCDD/PCDFs 15 years after the Yucheng incident and the levels in the Yucheng victims are still 9 and 50 times higher than those in the general population of Taiwan. In addition, our research revealed that at least three characteristic congener patterns of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs were observed among the Yucheng victims and these patterns may reflect distinctive exposure scenarios and/or different metabolizing capabilities among the Yucheng victims. For the residents living in the vicinity of PCP plant, the PCDD/PCDF levels in serum were higher than those in the general population of Taiwan, and the PCDD/PCDF congener patterns in serum, fish, and soil samples collected near the PCP plant were different from those from other areas in Taiwan without known PCDD/PCDF pollution. Based on the human PCDD/PCDF exposure data, our investigation may have discovered a “hot spot”.

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