西寮遺址位於台南市麻豆區與下營區之間，大約自3,700B.P.以來開始有史前人群活動的痕跡，其中又以大湖文化（2,800B.P. ~ 1,400B.P.）與蔦松文化（1,400B.P. ~ 550B.P.）是史前人群主要聚居的時期。西寮遺址鄰近古倒風內海，在發掘的過程中出土為數不少的魚類骨骼，正是生活於此地的史前人群與魚類彼此間互動的證據，可以預想海洋魚類資源會是史前人群重要的覓食來源。
然而，遺址中所出土的陸生哺乳動物骨骼，不論是在可鑑定標本數或能夠提供的肉量，都比魚類所能提供的要多。既然如此，魚類資源在西寮遺址究竟占據什麼樣的地位？漁撈策略呈現什麼樣的特徵？遺址西邊鄰近台灣海峽與古倒風內海，為什麼並非最重要的食物來源區域？因此，本研究綜合遺址中所出土的魚類骨骼、陸生哺乳動物骨骼與貝類遺留，分別從空間上觀察魚類與貝類資源的海水與淡水物種的分布模式，以及從時間上觀察陸生哺乳動物與魚類資源兩者所呈現的消長趨勢。並以最佳覓食理論的觀點出發，從時間與空間的角度綜合魚類資源、陸生哺乳動物資源與貝類資源的證據，探討西寮遺址史前人群漁撈活動的覓食選擇。
從空間上觀察，在大湖與蔦松文化時期的海水與淡水魚類比例無明顯變化，而蔦松文化時期則特別顯示出海水魚類與純淡水魚類有就近捕撈的現象。一樣屬於輔助性水域資源的貝類，出土空間分布也能觀察到同樣的特徵，強化魚類為輔助性食物來源的證據。因此，盡量減少時間與勞力成本，並以彌補食物資源作為主要目的的輔助性漁撈活動，便是西寮遺址史前人群的漁撈生業型態。進一步從時間上的比較觀察，在大湖與蔦松文化時期漁撈對象與數量中，顯示出兩種文化時期史前人群採取漁網捕撈的漁撈策略反映遺址環境，但與狩獵陸生哺乳動物相較之下反而有提升重要性的趨勢。從最佳覓食理論的角度思考，這樣的現象證明漁撈活動對於西寮遺址史前人群來說屬於輔助性的覓食活動，但是在農業社會逐漸成熟的背景之下，零碎時間進行漁撈活動會比狩獵活動要適合。

The archaeological site of Siliao can be dated back to the middle Neolithic, and it was most active during the Dahu culture (2,800 ~ 1,400B.P.) and Niaosung culture (1,400 ~ 350B.P.). The site is closed to ancient lagoon and rivers, so a large number of fish bones are recovered during the excavation. As a result, it was expected that fish was an important resource in the past.
However, the bones of terrestrial mammals outnumbered those of fish indicating mammals dominates as the main protein resource at Siliao site. In that case, what is the nature of fishing for people at Siliao site? What was their fishing strategy? The current thesis will take the perspective of optimal foraging theory, and combines different data to discuss fishing activities of Siliao spatially and diachronically.
From the spatial view, Niaosung people utilized the marine, freshwater fishes, as well as the shellfish nearby. Diachronically, the current material shows that the prehistoric population did not develop any specific fishing technique or targeting specific fish species, but adopted an opportunistic fishing strategy which reflects its environment. According to the optimal foraging theory, the ecological setting will make fish a low-ranked resource at Siliao site. Nevertheless, the percentage of fish in the faunal remains increased through time, indicating that they became important in the later period. Since fishing is a supplementary activity, it is less time consuming than hunting and thus is more suitable when agricultural production intensified in the later period.

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日文文獻
山崎京美
2016 《遺跡出土魚類遺存体の同定アトラスー縄文時代における生業復元をめざしてー》，福島：（有）平電子印刷所。
山崎京美、上野輝彌
2008 《硬骨魚類の顎と歯》，川口：アート&サイエンス工房TALAI。
松井章
2008 《動物考古学》。京都：京都大学学術出版会。
網路資料
邵廣昭
2021 〈台灣魚類資料庫網路電子版〉。http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw。
衛生福利部國民健康署
2018 〈熱量來源〉。https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=544&pid=726&sid=721，2018年10月12日上線。