近年來能源的議題不斷，隨著科技的蓬勃發展，人類對於能源的依賴度日益上升，而為解決在能源上的需求問題，首要便是先找尋可替代原本化石燃料的替代能源，然而為顧及永續經營與科技發展的平衡性，生質能源是相當看好的再生能源，其被視為是替代化石燃料的明日之星。
生質柴油為脂肪酸烷基酯類的混合物，其主要是從原料三酸甘油酯經轉酯化反應，或由游離脂肪酸經酯化反應而來。而不論是轉酯化或酯化反應中，觸媒皆扮演著相當重要的角色，因此對於觸媒上的選擇相當重要，由於異相觸媒擁有在分離以及後續處理上的便利性，在本實驗中便採用異相觸媒來進行轉酯化反應。
本研究主要以Y型沸石(zeolite Y)來作為轉酯化反應的觸媒，然而在未經改質過的沸石觸媒的催化效果並不理想，因此在實驗中便使用離子交換的方式，將金屬擔載於觸媒上來增加其反應活性，以達到較好的轉酯化反應效果，而藉由改變不同鹼金屬於沸石上的擔載量、不同金屬的來源以及不同型號的沸石，來探討其對轉酯化效果的影響。
從實驗的結果可得知，幾乎在所有條件下，CBV 780皆擁有不錯的反應催化能力。另外，本研究也針對在含有油酸的情況下，觸媒對於轉酯化反應催化效果的影響。實驗結果發現，在含有5%油酸的情況下，使用經10 wt%氫氧化鈉離子交換30分鐘後的CBV 780來進行反應的催化，可以到達70%左右的產率，具有相當不錯的催化效果。所以，研究中所製備的觸媒，將有機會應用於廢棄食用油的轉酯化上。

With the development of technology, the energy consumption has increased day by day. It is necessary to find out the alternative energy of fossil fuel for the energy shortage in the future. It makes possible to strike the balance between sustainability and development since biodiesel is a renewable energy with the advantages such as low emission, nontoxicity, and biodegradation. Thus, it has been considered as a promising alternative of fossil fuel.
Biodiesel is a mixture of alkyl esters, which are produced either by transesterification of triglycerides such as vegetable oils and animal fats, or esterification of fatty acid with excess methanol in the presence of catalysts. The catalyst plays an important role in the above reactions. As a result from the advantages of separation and processing, heterogeneous catalyst is chosen in this study.
Zeolite Y is chosen as the catalyst in transesterification in this study. Due to the poor catalytic activity without modification, it is modified by ion exchange to increase the activity by the loading of alkali metal. The factors that influence the catalysis of transesterification have been investigated such as alkali sources, loading.
In this study, CBV 780 has a better catalytic effect than other kinds of zeolite Y in the most conditions. Moreover, it is also investigated that the catalysis of transesterification in the presence of oleic acid. When the oil contains 5% oleic acid (w/w), it is found that the yield could reach 70% with the catalysis of CBV 780 which is ion-exchanged using 10wt% sodium hydroxide for 30 minutes at pH = 10. Seemingly, it still have a passable yield. Hence, as-prepared catalyst may have the opportunity to the application in transesterification of waste cooking oil.

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