新一代戰鬥機如美軍F-35系列戰機利用三維向量噴嘴達到高機動性之飛行表現，展現了向量噴嘴研發重要性，而向量噴嘴之高實驗成本以及高速流體導致實驗的量測困難，使本研究之三維向量噴嘴動態流場模擬，做為三維向量噴嘴之效能評估具備一定重要性。本研究之數值模擬使用商用CFD軟體ANASYS FLUENT並採用SST k-ω紊流模式，並成功地建立動態網格模擬機制進行出口推力變化之分析，且增添穩態之外流場模擬進行各參數比較分析。由過往文獻實驗結果發現噴嘴之形狀以及偏轉角度將影響流場狀態，並影響噴嘴之推力表現。因此本研究進一步針對噴嘴之偏轉設計進行各參數分析，並增添穩態外流場，對噴嘴之流場變化以及推力之影響進行探討。由模擬結果發現，過小之偏轉曲率半徑將導致分離流，使噴嘴內部產生迴流區，大幅降低出口推力以及速度，且擺動角速度之變化時間若小於噴嘴流場達到穩態之時間，則擺動速度之影響甚小。而添加外流場的部分更貼近實際值，且整體推力效率趨勢也都符合實際情形，可知本研究之模擬方法具有一定之可靠度。同時為了了解三維向量噴嘴之壁面受熱情形以及於實驗設之結構強度需求，也增添了壁面熱傳效應以及壁面受力分析，結果顯示，隨三維向量噴嘴擺動於轉接段之上壁面為局部壓縮之高溫區域，為材料耐熱考量之關鍵。而壁面受力也隨擺動角度增大於90度擺動時有最大受力，為結構設計之重點。

The internal and external flows of a 3D thrust-vectoring nozzle are analyzed in this study through numerical simulation. The characteristics that this research concerned include the thrust of the nozzle, geometry of the transition section, angular velocity of the deflector section, wall temperature, and the stress of the nozzle wall. In the present study, the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT, employing the SST k-ω turbulence model and the dynamic-grid mechanism, was applied to analyzing the nozzle thrust variations. The simulation results of previous studies indicated that without considering external flow, the pressure would be underestimated and the Mach number would be overestimated at the nozzle exit. Therefore, in the present research, the influences external flow had upon internal flow and the thrust of the nozzle were observed, especially with the swing of the deflector section. The results showed that the reverse flow caused by separation flow existed when the radius of curvature decreased. This phenomenon led to the decrease of the nozzle thrust dramatically. To predict the wall temperature during the swing of nozzle deflector section, the heat transfer in the nozzle wall was studied. The finding revealed that the nozzle wall exhibited different temperatures at different angle. Moreover, the swinging transition section that blocked the gas stream would have the local high temperature or a value close to the inlet high temperature.

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