面對日益嚴峻的熱島效應(Urban Heat Island)趨勢，提升通風散熱能力已是緩解都市高溫的策略之一。其中都市微氣候深受建築群樓高與棟距影響，這些因素常引發周邊風環境劇變，然而先前的研究多聚焦於透過計算流體力學(CFD)模擬評估地面層通風，缺乏充足的研究證明樓高與棟距對中低樓層區域(約6~24m高)住戶所造成的影響。
本研究旨在探討都市建築配置對通風率的影響，並根據大尺度-都市、中尺度-街廓與小尺度-基地三種切入點，建立配置優化建議與策略。研究首先從大尺度之都市粗糙度切入，對直徑50m範圍之區域進行風環境實測，了解都市尺度之粗糙度、背景風速與通風率之相關情形，建立粗糙度-通風率關係公式並與Power law做比較，比對現有理論模型與實測值之落差與修正方案。其次則結合中尺度之臺北三社會住宅的現場風速實測與CFD模擬，藉此驗證實測與模擬數據之相關性，並初步掌握建築配置對通風率之影響情形。最後透過CFD模擬，分析小尺度建築基地之「棟距」與「樓高」且標準化、非真實環境建築模型的風流型態，歸納出具實證基礎的建築量體配置優化策略，並針對未來都市規劃與建築設計提出具體之結論與建議，以達成改善都市微氣候環境之目標。
研究結果顯示，粗糙度(也就是容積率)越高的點位，實測的通風率越低，且高粗糙度地區的通風率衰減度將比Power law預測的更為顯著，而CFD模擬結果也顯示樓高與棟距顯著影響區域風速的分佈，建築群樓高越高，地面2m處風速因高樓效應而加速，但當觀測平面移至24m高度時，風速卻隨樓高上升及棟距縮減而遞減，進而使高層、棟距窄建築的整體綜合通風效果不如低層、棟距寬的建築。這初步證明高樓窄距設計壓抑中高層風流，削弱區域通風。在固定樓高下，棟距擴大將提升通風強之區域面積。樓高25m時，大棟距大幅擴展風速≥2.5m/s的優良區；樓高46m時，則增加風速≥1.5m/s的基本區，這強調高層建築須預留更大棟距，以確保密集社區的有效通風覆蓋。另外，在相同建築間距之下，高樓群的平均風速隨樓高升高而遞減，地面層風速雖急劇提升，上層卻因空氣滯留效應而大幅衰減，致整體都市通風率下降，此特性凸顯為求保持一定通風率，對建築高度與棟距需精準控制的必要性。
本研究運用分析比對實測數據與CFD模擬結果，為臺灣社宅及都市規劃提供實務指引，期望改善現階段都市之風環境，提升微氣候舒適與節能效能。

Addressing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect requires optimizing ventilation through strategic urban planning. While most studies focus on ground-level wind environments, research on the impact of building height and spacing on mid-to-low-level zones (6–24m) remains insufficient. This study investigates the influence of building configurations on ventilation rates across three scales: urban (large), block (medium), and site-specific (small).
By integrating field measurements with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the research analyzes roughness-ventilation correlations and validates simulation accuracy against real-world social housing data. Results indicate a significant interaction between building height and spacing on vertical wind distribution. While taller buildings accelerate ground-level (2m) winds via the "downwash effect," they simultaneously suppress airflow at the 24m level, particularly when spacing is narrow. This creates air stagnation in mid-to-high zones, reducing overall urban ventilation efficiency.
Findings demonstrate that increasing building separation is critical for high-rise developments to maintain effective airflow coverage. Specifically, wider spacing significantly expands areas meeting comfort-level wind speeds. This study provides empirical guidelines for architectural massing and urban design, offering practical strategies to mitigate microclimate deterioration and enhance energy efficiency in dense urban environments.

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