本研究的目的是探討父母如何管教幼兒的不注意行為與過動/衝動行為，編製父母管教情緒行為認知量表(The Parental Affect, Behavior and Cognition Scale; P-ABC)，並找出其因素結構與效度。P-ABC的編製以認知行為架構為基礎，針對父母管教幼兒表現ADHD症狀行為（不注意行為與過動/衝動行為），將父母管教分為情緒、行為、認知等三部分。本研究參與者為511位1.5歲至3歲幼兒，由母親填答P-ABC。結果發現P-ABC的管教情緒有2個因素（負向情緒與正向情緒）、管教行為有3個因素（專制權威、開明權威、寬鬆放任）、管教認知有4個因素（外在環境、幼兒特質、過度放縱、寬容接納），以及兩個廣義因素（負向管教與正向管教）。九個因素的內部一致性Cronbach's α係數介於.561至.879。九個管教因素間的顯著相關型態，顯示P-ABC量表具有良好的信度，其內部一致性高。P-ABC與其他量表（DBRS-Toddler、HSQ- Toddler、CBCL 1½ -5、C-TRF 1½-5，以及 Bayley-III）間相關分析，結果顯示P-ABC具有良好的預測效度與構念效度，負向父母管教與幼兒問題行為有顯著正相關，正向的父母管教與兒童幼兒情緒狀態亦達顯著正相關，父母管教認知（包括外在環境和寬容接納）與管教行為（包括專制權威和寬鬆放任），都與幼兒早期智能有顯著相關。因此，本研究結果支持P-ABC有良好心理計量學特徵(psychometric characteristics)，未來可進一步研究幼兒期的不注意與過動/衝動問題之心理病理發展歷程。

The present studies based on the cognitive behavior model to develop a Parental Affect, Behavior, and Cognition Scale (P-ABC) for the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity). In order to examine the psychometric properties of the P-ABC, 511 mothers of 1.5- to 3-year-old toddlers were recruited. By exploratory factor analyses for exploring the potential factor structure, the factor-analysis results revealed a two-factor model (including Negative Affectivity and Positive Affectivity) in parenting affect subscale, a three-factor model(including Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive) in parenting behavior subscale, and a four-factor model (including Circumstances, Disposition, Indulgence, and Acceptance) in parenting cognition subscale. Then, the P-ABC demonstrated good evidence of internal consistency, with value of Cronbach's α coefficients from .561 to .879. Moreover, the two second-order factors were labeled Negative Parenting and Positive Parenting. Criterion-related validity evidence was obtained by correlating the P-ABC with the Child Behavior Checklist For Ages 1½ -5 (CBCL 1½-5), Caregiver-Teacher Report Form For Ages 1½-5 (C-TRF), and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III). The result suggested that scores in the P-ABC were partially associated with measures of children's cognitive abilities; and, the scores had significant association with measures of children's behavior problems. In conclusion, this study provided supporting for the reliability and validity of the P-ABC and demonstrated its stability as a measure of dysfunctional parenting and child misbehavior.

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