| 研究生: |
陳冠丞 Chen, Kuan-Cheng |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
旅遊體驗套票購買意願影響因子與願付價格分析 Visitors’ Purchase Intention and Willingness to Pay: A Study on the City Experience Pass |
| 指導教授: |
黃國平
Hwang, Kuo-Ping |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 交通管理科學系 Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science |
| 論文出版年: | 2017 |
| 畢業學年度: | 105 |
| 語文別: | 英文 |
| 論文頁數: | 101 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 旅遊套票 、體驗旅遊 、購買意願 、願付價格 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | City pass, Experiential Tourism, Purchase intention, Willingness to pay |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:113 下載:2 |
| 分享至: |
| 查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
旅遊套票已經是遊客在規劃旅遊行程時,第一項搜尋與購買的商品。隨著體驗經濟時代的來臨,體驗旅遊也逐漸盛行。旅遊套票在台灣主要是以交通或觀光景點為主,甚少將體驗活動納入套票出售。若將交通或觀光納入體驗活動,再定價出售,是否可以獲得正面的效果,為本研究欲探索的主旨。
本研究以高雄市為範圍,將一般景點旅遊套票搭配體驗活動,將此產品命名為高雄體驗套票(Kaohsiung Experience Pass, KEP),分析遊客對此產品的購買意願與願付價格。在探討購買意願部分,本研究以知覺風險、體驗品質、知覺價值與滿意度為構面,透過結構方程模型進行分析。根據結果得知,知覺風險負面顯著影響體驗品質與購買意願,體驗品質則正面顯著影響知覺價值與滿意度。此外,知覺價值也正面顯著影響滿意度。最後,知覺價值與滿意度皆正面顯著影響購買意願。在探討願付價格部分,本研究以條件評估法進行分析。根據結果得知,知覺風險、知覺價值、滿意度、購買意願、購買動機和三項社經變數(居住、教育水準與收入)與遊客的願付價格顯著相關。此外,願付價格的估計為新台幣2130.336元,遠高於本研究定價約33.1%。最後,根據結果進行討論,並提供相關單位建議。
A city pass is one of the first tourist products purchased by a visitor at a destination. With the advent of the experience economy era, experiential tourism has finally become a global trend. In Taiwan, city passes are mostly based on transportation or a single attraction since experiential tourism is also in its early stage. If a combination of two products is sold as a bundle pricing incentive, it seems that some positive effects can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to explore the willingness of visitors to purchase a Kaohsiung Experience Pass (KEP), which is the usual city pass with experiential activities.
In discussing purchase intention, we use perceived risk, perceived value, satisfaction, and experience quality as factors by which understand their direct and indirect impacts on purchase intention and analyze them using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that perceived risk has a significant, though negative effect on experience quality and purchase intention, while experience quality has a significant and positive effect on perceived value and satisfaction. In addition, perceived value also has a significant and positive effect on satisfaction. Finally, perceived value and satisfaction both are found to have significant, positive effects on purchase intention.
The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to analyze visitor willingness to pay (WTP) for the KEP. The results show that perceived risk, perceived value, satisfaction, purchase intention, purchase motivation, and three socioeconomic factors (residence, education, and income) are significantly related to visitors’ WTP for the KEP. In addition, the estimation of WTP is equal to 2130.336 NTD, which is actually considerably higher than the original price by approximately 33.1%. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are discussed and provided.
Abbott, L. (1956). Quality and competition: an essay in economic theory.
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action Control (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 185-204.
Ali, F., Ryu, K., & Hussain, K. (2016). Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and behavioral intentions: A study of creative tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(1), 85-100.
Altunel, M. C., & Erkut, B. (2015). Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of tourist experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and recommendation intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4, 213-221.
Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Lehmann, D. R. (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability: Findings from Sweden. The Journal of Marketing, 53-66.
Anderson, E. W., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). The antecedents and consequences of customer satisfaction for firms. Marketing Science, 12(2), 125-143.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411.
Assael, H. (1984). Consumer behavior and marketing action. Kent Pub. Co.
Barber, N., Kuo, P.-J., Bishop, M., & Goodman Jr, R. (2012). Measuring psychographics to assess purchase intention and willingness to pay. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 29(4), 280-292.
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer behavior as risk taking. Dynamic marketing for a changing world, 398.
Beriain, M., Sánchez, M., & Carr, T. (2009). A comparison of consumer sensory acceptance, purchase intention, and willingness to pay for high quality United States and Spanish beef under different information scenarios. Journal of Animal Science, 87(10), 3392-3402.
Berry, L. L., Carbone, L. P., & Haeckel, S. H. (2002). Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), 85.
Bolton, R. N., & Drew, J. H. (1991). A multistage model of customers’ assessments of service quality and value. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(4), 375-384.
Brannan, L., Condello, C., Stuckum, N., Vissers, N., & Priest, S. (1992). Public perceptions of risk in recreational activities. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 17(2), 144-157.
Burke, R. R. (2002). Technology and the customer interface: What consumers want in the physical and virtual store. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), 411-432.
Cardozo, R. N. (1965). An experimental study of customer effort, expectation, and satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 244-249.
Castro, C. B., Armario, E. M., & Ruiz, D. M. (2007). The influence of market heterogeneity on the relationship between a destination’s image and tourists’ future behaviour. Tourism Management, 28(1), 175-187.
Cecilia, S. G., Elisabeta, M., & Magdalena, B. (2011). Tourism’s changing face: New age tourism versus old tourism. The Annals of the University of Oradea, 245.
Chen, C.-F., & Chen, F.-S. (2010). Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29-35.
Chen, C.-F., & Phou, S. (2013). A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty. Tourism Management, 36, 269-278.
Chen, C.-F., & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115-1122.
Chen, C., Li, C., & Yang, P. (2013). A study of the visitor’s experience value, satisfaction and behavioral intention: A case of the Chihcan Tower in Tainan City. Journal of Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 38(4), 255-272.
Chen, C., & Ho, I. (2005). A study on the motivation, experience quality, satisfaction and behavior intention of event visitors: A case of the 2004 Tainan International Chihsi Arts Festival. Journal of Hospitality and Home Economics, 2(2), 161-179.
Chen, C., & Lee, C. (2008). The research of mainland Chinese tourists on package tour in Taiwan. Paper presented at the Taiwan local township tourism industry development and forward-looking academic seminar, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen, M., et al. (2003). Natural resource and environmental economics. Yehyeh Book Gallery.
Chen, W., & Chung, Y. (2009). A research of taiwanese tourism demand within Taiwan and aboard. Journal of Outdoor Recreation Study, 22(2), 1-26.
Cheng, H. (2007). Research on the driving factors of customer value. Soft Science, 21(2), 48-51.
Chou, Y. (2016). Strategic plan of Taiwan tourism development. Paper presented at the 2016 Scenic Area Sustainable Tourism Forum, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ciriacy-Wantrup, S. V. (1947). Capital returns from soil-conservation practices. Journal of Farm Economics, 29(4 Part II), 1181-1196.
Cole, S. T., & Scott, D. (2004). Examining the mediating role of experience quality in a model of tourist experiences. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1), 79-90.
Cox, D. F. (1967). Risk taking and information handling in consumer behavior.
Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., & Hult, G. T. M. (2000). Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76(2), 193-218.
Cronin Jr, J. J., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension. The Journal of Marketing, 55-68.
Cunningham, S. M. (1967). The major dimensions of perceived risk. Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior, 1, 82-111.
Diener, B. (2014). The savvy traveler. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Dodds, W. B., & Monroe, K. B. (1985). The effect of brand and price information on subjective product evaluations. NA-Advances in Consumer Research Volume 12.
Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 307-319.
Eun-Ju, L., & Overby, J. W. (2004). Creating value for online shoppers: Implications for satisfaction and loyalty. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining behavior, 17, 54.
Fang, Y., Lu, C., & Hsieh, M. (2017). A study of tourism attraction and experience value in battle tunnels of Kinmen. Journal of Sport and Recreation Research, 11(3), 47-61.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 382-388.
Fox, J. (2015). Applied regression analysis and generalized linear models. Sage Publications.
Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2006). Tourist destination risk perception: The case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14(2), 83-108.
Gabor, A., & Granger, C. W. (1966). Price as an indicator of quality: Report on an enquiry. Economica, 43-70.
Gale, B., & Wood, R. C. (1994). Managing customer value: Creating quality and service that customers can see. Simon and Schuster.
Gale, I. (1990). A multiple-object auction with superadditive values. Economics Letters, 34(4), 323-328.
Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: an investigation of university students’ travel behaviour. Tourism Management, 27(3), 437-452.
Gao, F. L., Zibai. (2015). Analysis of ticket price differences in perception of tourists: Take Chongqing scenic spots as examples. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(11), 71-77.
Ghosh, P., Dasgupta, D., & Ghosh, D. (1990). Retail management.
Giese, J. L., & Cote, J. A. (2000). Defining consumer satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2000, 1.
Gray, H. P. (1970). International travel-international trade. Heath Lexington Books.
Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J., & Borin, N. (1998). The effect of store name, brand name and price discounts on consumers’ evaluations and purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74(3), 331-352.
Guiltinan, J. P. (1987). The price bundling of services: A normative framework. The Journal of Marketing, 74-85.
Guo, A., Guo, Y., Sun, X., Hou, X., & Wang, C. (2016). A literature review of tourism destination attractiveness. World Regional Studies(5).
Haan, T., Ashworth, G., & Stabler, M. (1990). The tourist destination as product: The case of Languedoc. Asworth, G. and Goodall, B. Marketing Tourism Places. 2ª Ed Routledge. London.
Hahm, J., & Wang, Y. (2011). Film-induced tourism as a vehicle for destination marketing: is it worth the efforts? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(2), 165-179.
Haimiti, Y., Polat, M., & Resalat, S. (2013). Research in economics of optimal pricing coupon ticket for tourist scenic spots. Journal of Xinjiang Normal University, 34(3), 72-81.
Haimiti, Y., Pulati, M., & Tian, X. (2009). The unified ticket policy and its efficiency in scenic areas: An economic analysis based on bundle pricing model. Tourism Science, 23(6), 28-34.
Hair, J. F. (2010). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson College Division.
Hanson, W., & Martin, R. K. (1990). Optimal bundle pricing. Management Science, 36(2), 155-174.
Harlam, B. A., Krishna, A., Lehmann, D. R., & Mela, C. (1995). Impact of bundle type, price framing and familiarity on purchase intention for the bundle. Journal of Business Research, 33(1), 57-66.
Harris, J., & Blair, E. A. (2006). Consumer preference for product bundles: The role of reduced search costs. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(4), 506-513.
Holbrook, M. B. (2000). The millennial consumer in the texts of our times: Experience and entertainment. Journal of Macromarketing, 20(2), 178-192.
Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132-140.
Horng, S., & Chang, T. (2006). An exploratory research on customer experiences. Paper presented at the International Conference on Business and Information, Singapore.
Howat, G., Murray, D., & Crilley, G. (1999). The relationships between service problems and perceptions of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions of Australian public sports and leisure center customers. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 17(2).
Huang, S., & Yu , S. (2006). A study of relationship on customer-to-customer interaction,experiential modules, and customer value in leisure industries. Paper presented at the The 8th Lesiure, Recreation, and Tourism Research Symposium Taipei, Taiwan.
Huang, Y., Scott, N., Ding, P., & Cheng, D. (2012). Impression of Liusanjie: Effect of mood on experience and satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research, 14, 91-102.
Hunter-Jones, P., Jeffs, A., & Smith, D. (2008). Backpacking your way into crisis: An exploratory study into perceived risk and tourist behaviour amongst young people. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2-4), 237-247.
Hutchinson, W. G., Chilton, S. M., & Davis, J. (1995). Measuring non‐use value of environmental goods using the contingent valuation method: Problems of information and cognition and the application of cognitive questionnaire design methods. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 46(1), 97-112.
Ismail, H., & Khatibi, A. (2004). Study of the relationship between perception of value and price and customer satisfaction: The case of Malaysian telecommunications industry. Journal of American Academy of Business, 4(1/2), 309-313.
Jacoby, J., & Kaplan, L. B. (1972). The components of perceived risk. Paper presented at the SV-proceedings of the third annual conference of the association for consumer research.
Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International Journal of Tourism Research.
Joppe, P. (2000). Research methodology. Third Edition. Pearson Publishers.London.UK. Kenyatta University Strategic and Vision Plan (2005-2015).
Joy, A., & Sherry, J. F. (2003). Speaking of art as embodied imagination: A multisensory approach to understanding aesthetic experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 259-282.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 263-291.
Kaicker, A., & Bearden, W. O. (1993). Product bundling and consumer perceptions of value: A test across gain and loss situations. Paper presented at the Winter Educators’ Conference, American Marketing Association Proceedings.
Kalish, S., & Nelson, P. (1991). A comparison of ranking, rating and reservation price measurement in conjoint analysis. Marketing Letters, 2(4), 327-335.
Kalish, S., & Nelson, P. E. (1988). An empirical evaluation of multiattribute utility and reservation price measurement: Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Management, The Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration.
Kang, M. (2013). Integer programming formulation of finding cheapest ticket combination over multiple tourist attractions Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013 (pp. 131-143). Springer.
Kang, M. and U. Gretzel (2012). “Effects of podcast tours on tourist experiences in a national park.” Tourism Management, 33(2), 440-455.
Kao, Y.-F., Huang, L.-S., & Wu, C.-H. (2008). Effects of theatrical elements on experiential quality and loyalty intentions for theme parks. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 163-174.
Kong, L. (2010). Study on the factors of affecting the willingness to pay for attraction admission. China Economist (3), 194,198.
Kotler, P. (1978). Educational packagers-modest proposal. Futurist, 12(4), 239-242.
Krüger, F. (2016). The influence of culture and personality on customer satisfaction: An empirical analysis across countries. Springer.
Lai, M., & Wang, W. (1999). The study on visitors’ cognition and experience to the leisure agriculture. Journal of Outdoor Recreation Study, 12(1), 19-40.
Lebergott, S., & Dolan, E. M. (1994). Pursuing happiness: american consumers in the twentieth century. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 28(2), 443-445.
Lee, C.-K., Lee, Y.-K., & Lee, B. (2005). Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 839-858.
Lee, C. (2007). The role of perceived risk in forming consumer perceived value. Journal of Management, 24(2), 167-190.
Lee, P. (2017). Digital marketing in mobility. Paper presented at the Digital Marketing with Creativity Forum, Taiwan.
Lee, J., Graefe, A. R., & Burns, R. C. (2004). Service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention among forest visitors. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(1), 73-82.
Lee, J. J., Kyle, G., & Scott, D. (2012). The mediating effect of place attachment on the relationship between festival satisfaction and loyalty to the festival hosting destination. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287512437859.
Lee, S., Phau, l., Hughes, M., Li, Y., & Quintal, V. (2016). Heritage tourism in Singapore Chinatown: A perceived value approach to authenticity and satisfaction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33, 981-998.
Lee, T.-H., & Crompton, J. (1992). Measuring novelty seeking in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 732-751.
Lee, W., et al. (2015). Visitors’ willingness to pay entrance fee for Taroko National Park. Journal of National Park 25(1), 24-39.
Liao, C. (2016). Lecture note in statistics, Tingmao.
Lin, C.-H., Sher, P. J., & Shih, H.-Y. (2005). Past progress and future directions in conceptualizing customer perceived value. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 16(4), 318-336.
Lin, C. K., Zilin. (2016). The behavioral consequences of tourist experience. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 84-91.
Lin, L. (2013). A study on the relationship between the tourists’ willingness to pay and the influencing factors of attraction admission. (Master thesis), Jinan University, Jinan, China.
Lin, X. (2016). Strategic marketing analysis of highway buses–a case for Nantou Bus Company implementing package ticket (Master thesis), National Chi Nan University, Taiwan.
Lin, Y. (2017). Wisdom of tourism development in Taiwan. Paper presented at the Green and Smart for Livable City Forum, Taiwan.
Liu, B. (2011). Study on WTP for organic tea of customers in Fujian. (Master thesis), Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University, Fujian, Chian.
Ma, C. (2016). Industrial innovation in Taiwan. Paper presented at the Creativity and Development of Digital Content Industry Forum, Taiwan.
Manfredo, M. J., Driver, B. L., & Brown, P. J. (1983). A test of concepts inherent in experience based setting management for outdoor recreation areas. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 263.
Mansour, J. S. A., & Ariffin, A. A. M. (2017). The effects of local hospitality, commercial hospitality and experience quality on behavioral intention in cultural heritage tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(2), 149-172.
MasterCard. (2016). Survey on consumer purchasing priorities – travel (2015–2016).
McCain, G. (1991). Managing atmospheric effects on consumers and retail works. Journal of Business and Economic Perspectives, 17(2), 45-54.
Millan, A., & Esteban, A. (2004). Development of a multiple-item scale for measuring customer satisfaction in travel agencies services. Tourism Management, 25(5), 533-546.
Mitchell, R. C. and R. T. Carson (1989). Using surveys to value public goods: The contingent valuation method. Resources for the Future.
Mitchell, V.-W. (2001). Re-conceptualizing consumer store image processing using perceived risk. Journal of Business Research, 54(2), 167-172.
Mitchell, V.-W., & Greatorex, M. (1993). Risk perception and reduction in the purchase of consumer services. Service Industries Journal, 13(4), 179-200.
Monroe, K. B., & Krishnan, R. (1985). The effect of price on subjective product evaluations. Perceived Quality, 1, 209-232.
Morrison, A. M. (1996). Hospitality and travel marketing. Delmar Publishers.
Morwitz, V. G., & Schmittlein, D. (1992). Using segmentation to improve sales forecasts based on purchase intent: Which “intenders” actually buy? Journal of Marketing Research, 391-405.
Oh, H. (1999). Service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer value: A holistic perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18(1), 67-82.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 460-469.
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? The Journal of Marketing, 33-44.
Oliver, R. L., & Satisfaction, A. (1997). Behavioral perspective on the customer.
Oxenfeldt, A. R. (1966). Product line pricing. Harvard Business Review, 44(4), 137-144.
Pan, L. S., Yuqin. (2015). Willingness to pay for the tourist areas’ admission: A case study of Xixi National Wetland Park in Hangzhou. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 35(4), 440-447.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1994). Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: Implications for further research. The Journal of Marketing, 111-124.
Park, J., & Stoel, L. (2005). Effect of brand familiarity, experience and information on online apparel purchase. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 33(2), 148-160.
Patterson, P. G., & Spreng, R. A. (1997). Modelling the relationship between perceived value, satisfaction and repurchase intentions in a business-to-business, services context: An empirical examination. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8(5), 414-434.
Perloff, J. M. (2004) Microeconomics. Pearson Addison Wesley, Boston.
Peter, J. P., & Olson, J. C. (1987). Consumer behavior: Marketing strategy perspective. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin.
Peter, J. P., & Ryan, M. J. (1976). An investigation of perceived risk at the brand level. Journal of Marketing Research, 184-188.
Peter, J. P., & Tarpey, L. X. (1975). A comparative analysis of three consumer decision strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 2(1), 29-37.
Petrick, J. F., & Backman, S. J. (2002). An examination of the construct of perceived value for the prediction of golf travelers’ intentions to revisit. Journal of Travel Research, 41(1), 38-45.
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (2011). The experience economy. Harvard Business Press.
Reisinger, Y., & Turner, L. W. (2003). Cross-cultural behaviour in tourism: Concepts and analysis. Elsevier.
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (Eds.). (2004). The global nomad: Backpacker travel in theory and practice. Channel View Publications, 43-59.
Rittichainuwat, B. N., & Chakraborty, G. (2009). Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: The case of Thailand. Tourism Management, 30(3), 410-418.
Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171-177.
Schiffman, L. G., & Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer behavior, 7th. NY: Prentice Hall.
Schmalensee, R. (1984). Gaussian demand and commodity bundling. Journal of Business, S211-S230.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1-3), 53-67.
Shen, C., Liao, J., & Chou, C. (2005). A study of the relationship among tourism experience, tourism image, satisfaction and loyalty: A case study of Gukeng HuaShan. Journal of Outdoor Recreation Study, 18(3), 59-79.
Shen, Y. (2016). Perceived value in tourism experience. Paper presented at the Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally, Marriott’s Vail Mountain Resort, Vail, Colorado USA.
Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), 159-170.
Smith, V. K. (1993). Nonmarket valuation of environmental resources: An interpretive appraisal. Land Economics, 1-26.
Stabler, M. J., Papatheodorou, A., & Sinclair, M. T. (2009). The economics of tourism. Routledge.
Stone, R. N., & Grønhaug, K. (1993). Perceived risk: Further considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing, 27(3), 39-50.
Sun, T., Chao, C., Chen, C., & Chang, H. (2011). Relationship among consumer experience, satisfaction, and loyalty for the group package tour. Journal of Customer Satisfaction, 18(3), 59-79.
Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77(2), 203-220.
Taiwan Tourism Bureau. (2016). “Survey of travel by R.O.C. citizens 2011–2015”. Taipei, Taiwan: Tourism Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R.O.C.
Taiwan Tourism Bureau. (2016). “Survey of visitor arrivals by year 2004–2016”. Taipei, Taiwan: Tourism Bureau, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, R.O.C.
Tao, C. (2017). The combination of industry, official and university. Paper presented at the Career Development of Transportation (Chinese Institute of Transportation), Taiwan.
Telser, L. G. (1979). A theory of monopoly of complementary goods. Journal of Business, 211-230.
Teresa, F. M., Cruz. (2016). Dimensions and outcomes of experience quality in tourism: The case of port wine cellars. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 31, 371-379.
Thaler, R. (1983). Transaction utility theory. NA-Advances in Consumer Research Volume 10.
Tian-Cole, S., Crompton, J. L., & Willson, V. L. (2002). An empirical investigation of the relationships between service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions among visitors to a wildlife refuge. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(1), 1.
Tietenberg, T. H. and L. Lewis (2016). Environmental and natural resource economics. Routledge.
Tseng, C. (2017). An oral history of tourism development in Taiwan with travel agency manager Ching-Yu. Tseng/interviewer: NCKU research fellow. National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
Voelckner, F. (2006). An empirical comparison of methods for measuring consumers’ willingness to pay. Marketing Letters, 17(2), 137-149.
Wang, B. (2011). An empirical study of the relationship between destination image, perceived value, satisfaction and destination loyalty. Tourism Science, 25(1), 61-64.
Wang, G., Xiao, Z., Chen, R., & Xu, M. (2013). Critical perceived tourist risk factors of tourists. Sports & Exercise Research, 15(2), 135-147.
Wang, W., & Cao, X. (2007). A study on the feasibility and countermeasures of implementing tour year card in tourism destinations: A case study of “one card tour around Henan”. Tourism Science, 21(1), 50-55.
Wang, Y. (2016). A study on the comprehensive economic benefit of scenic spot price. Contemporary Economics(35), 76-78.
Westbrook, R. A. (1980). A rating scale for measuring product/service satisfaction. The Journal of Marketing, 68-72.
Williams, S. (2004). Tourism: Tourism, development and sustainability, Taylor & Francis.
Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. D. (2012). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.
Wood, C. M., & Scheer, L. K. (1996). Incorporating perceived risk into models of consumer deal assessment and purchase intent. NA-Advances in Consumer Research Volume 23.
Woodruff, R. B. (1997). Customer value: the next source for competitive advantage. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 139-153.
World Tourism Organization. (2016). UNWTO annual report 2015.
WTTC. (2017). Travel & tourism: Economic impact 2016. World Travel & Tourism Council.
Wu, H., Li, M., & Li, T. (2014). A study of experiential quality, experiential value, experiential satisfaction, theme park image, and revisit intention. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research.
Wu, P. C., Yeh, G. Y.-Y., & Hsiao, C.-R. (2011). The effect of store image and service quality on brand image and purchase intention for private label brands. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 19(1), 30-39.
Xiang, Y. (2011). Analysis on advantages and disadvantages of domestic attractions’ admission package. China Market(32), 140-141.
Yadav, M. S., & Monroe, K. B. (1993). How buyers perceive savings in a bundle price: an examination of a bundle’s transaction value. Journal of Marketing Research, 350-358.
Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45-56.
Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. The Journal of Marketing, 2-22.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. The Journal of Marketing, 31-46.
Zhang, W., & Zhang, L. (2013). On entrance tickets management of China’s tourism attractions based on perspective of FIT. Journal of Liuzhou Teachers College, 28(1), 62-65.
Zhang, Y. (2011). Research on difference of visitors' satisfaction based on tourist motivation. Tourism Forum, 4(2), 24-27.
Zhao, Q., Du, H., & Cheng, Q. (2016). Empirical study of purchase intention and return mechanism of season tickets. Financial Science(9), 124-132.
Zhou, W., Cao, J., & Hu, X. (2015). Economic analysis and its countermeasures of “ticket economy” in scenic spots. Journal of Liaoning Technical University, 17(5), 512-515.
Zhou, X., Feng, J., & He, B. (2005). The economics analysis of package fare strategy in tourism scenery area. Journal of Shandong Institute of Business and Technology, 19(2).
Zhou, Y. (2011). Study on consumer’s perceived risk and purchase intentions of tourism services. (Master thesis), Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China.
Zou, Y., & Chen, J. (2010). Package fare strategy in tourism scenery area from consumers’ perspective. China Business Update(8), 158.
校內:2022-07-01公開