台灣大多數寺廟每隔若干年代，便會有擴建、增建的行為，然而，每次的修建，不僅記錄了寺廟自身的歷史沿革與發展軌跡，更反映了當時社會、經濟、政治、文化、社群等的變遷興衰。台灣寺廟古蹟之所以可貴，是它可以凝固時間，讓歷史的某一段紀錄忠實地表達出來，形成一個容納時間的地景。

廟宇祭祀文化融入常民生活，然而隨著環境保護意識的抬頭，過往留下的燃香、金紙被視為污染的元兇，甚至提出不燒香的口號。當這些行為都停止時，廟宇便成為空殼，城市記憶與傳統文化的累積出現斷層，對於台灣土地的自我認同則開始後退。

循環經濟的概念開始於台灣發根，過往材料的取得變成重新思考的範疇，而廟宇祭祀文化所產生的廢棄物處理在過往皆以掩埋的方式。因此，本論文試圖以廟宇廢棄物作為主要材料的研究，以其回饋廟宇，以延續台灣特有的祭祀文化。以台南的一做廟宇作為操作基地，建立一套城市之於廢棄物到建築的循環系統。

Typically, most temples in Taiwan will be expanded and rebuilt every few years. Each time of these expansion and rebuilding, they not only extract information regarding the historical evolution and developmental trajectories of the temples themselves, but also reflect contemporary social, economic, political, cultural and urban rise and fall. In other words, the reasons why Taiwan's temple monuments are valuable are that they can provide a snapshot of the corresponding time and let a certain record of history faithfully expressed.

The temple ritual culture is integrated into the life of Taiwanese. However, with rise of environmental protection awareness, emissions from burning incense and gold paper are regarded as the source of air pollution. To this end, people even shout the slogan of not burning incense. However, when these behaviors are stopped, the temples lose the purpose, and then the connection among urban memories and traditional cultures is subsequently broken. Worse, the self-identification of Taiwanese land may begin to retreat.

The concept of circular economy began in Taiwan, and the acquisition of materials in the past became a rethinking category. Though originally just buried, the waste from temple ritual culture should also follow the same route, being recycled. Therefore, this thesis aims to use temple waste as the main material to pave the way for the unique sacrificial culture in Taiwan developing. With a temple in Tainan as a base of operations, I build a circular system from temple waste to architecture, realizing the ambition.

Introduction

Picking up a bunch of incense and praying for good luck, people use the scent as a symbol to communicate with gods. Traditional temples in Taiwan provide people with so many different activities from resting, to paying homage to gods. Humans and gods coexist in the land. It reflects the daily appearance of a city, and in the space study of traditional folk beliefs, the concept of "sacrificial circle" is often used to refer to the space field formed by the temple. Among them, the folk belief temples in Tainan are characterized by the "Jing" or "Temple area" as the essence of the sacrificial circle, and are an important spatial component of the urban structure.

Incineration of incense and gold paper is a long-standing ritual among Taiwanese, but there are a lot of harmful gases behind these movements, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), granular pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NOx), acid gases, benzene, toluene. , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), to name just a few. According to statistics (Environmental Information Center, TEIA), an average of burning one kilogram of gold joss paper will produce 1.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide. Worse, if the manufacturing process is considered, the actual amount of carbon dioxide produced is much more. In addition, the waste generated by these temples is a highly alkaline substance, which can cause land burden and even accelerate soil aging if discarded at wild. With the rise of environmental awareness, environmentalists have begun to advocate reducing or even forbidding to burn incense. However, without this action, people enter the temple like visiting an empty shell museum. That may accelerate the disappearance of the sacrificial culture.

Temples communicate the memories of many cities and residents but become the culprit of pollution. Based on the above background, this thesis intends to establish a circulation system on the basis of incineration, and rethink about that ash could be a material to reverse the stigma of temples.

Process

The process of the circular system is divided into two section. The first part is the study of materials and the second part is the design. In the part of the material research, a new recycled material is made by temple waste thorough alkali excitation principle – adjusting the different composition of cementitious materials and alkali substance. Then a digital manufacturing manner to design the bricks was developed. Later, the results of the material research were involved in the ceremony of the temple, redefining the temple's visitation path and its boundary with the ordinary people.

This thesis intends to make a porous material resulting from a series of chemical reactions during manufacturing process; the materials can absorb the suspended particles from burning incense and gold joss paper , and neutralize the acid and alkali to make these materials return to the soil in a neutral state. The follow-up design proposal is based on the continuation of temple culture as the main concept.

Conclusion

There are two important conclusions in this thesis:

1.The material

After physical properties (compressive strength test) and chemical properties testing, this recycled material with temple waste as the main material provides flexibility and periodicity, allowing time to join the conditions of architectural design and to become a new category of thinking. .

2.The temple

Analyzing the elements of a series of temples and Tainan, it is found that the temple itself is a flexible organism. Exploring the emergence of its publicity requires constant reconstruction. Therefore, the accession path that is both the starting point and the end point is the experimental field of design.

中文文獻
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網站
中聯資源，〈爐石特性〉，中鋼集團中聯資(https://www.chc.com.tw/source.html)
台灣搖籃到搖籃(https://www.c2cplatform.tw)
循環台灣 Taiwan Circular Economy Network, 2018(https://www.circular-taiwan.org)