隨著全球人工智慧技術迅速演進，AI已成為驅動產業升級與經濟轉型的重要引擎，亦帶動高效能運算、半導體製造與智慧應用加速成長。面對AI應用擴張所引發的電力需求與碳排放壓力，各國政府紛紛啟動政策因應。台灣作為全球半導體供應鏈關鍵基地，AI相關投資快速成長，對產業與能源結構帶來深遠影響。
本研究聚焦於人工智慧投資對台灣經濟效益與能源使用之影響，採用投入產出分析法，結合行政院主計總處之產業關聯表與經濟部能源署能源平衡表，建構結合產業與能源的量化分析模型。研究設計四種AI投資情境，分別為「現況情境」、「政府政策推動情境」、「政策與國際企業雙驅動情境」與「極端資本集中情境」，以模擬不同投資規模下AI產業對國內產值、能源消耗與碳排放之影響。
研究結果顯示，AI投資可有效帶動高附加價值部門如半導體、資訊服務與專業技術服務產值成長，預計在極端投資情境下，可創造6.2兆元以上產值，並推升全國電力需求約12%，相當於工業用電總量之22%。能源面部分，AI投資將集中拉高電力部門負荷，進而造成能源結構轉變與碳排放風險增加。若未導入節能或再生能源機制，CO₂年排放量恐將增加27百萬公噸以上，成為淨零目標實現之挑戰。
整體而言，本研究建立一套結合經濟（Economy）、能源（Energy）與環境（Environment）三大面向的3E分析架構，提供政策單位評估AI投資擴張對經濟與能源永續發展的量化依據，亦可作為推動AI與電力政策整合、強化電力韌性與綠色轉型之參考方向。

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), the technology has become a key driver of industrial upgrading and economic transformation, accelerating developments in high-performance computing, semiconductor manufacturing, and smart applications. As AI applications expand, the resulting surge in electricity demand and carbon emissions has prompted governments to adopt responsive energy and industrial policies. Taiwan, as a critical hub in the global semiconductor supply chain, is experiencing fast-growing AI-related investments that significantly affect its industrial and energy systems.
This study assesses the impact of AI investment on Taiwan’s industrial structure and energy use through input-output analysis. By integrating Taiwan’s official Input-Output Tables and Energy Balance Sheet, a comprehensive model is developed to capture economic, energy, and environmental linkages. Four scenarios are simulated: (1) current situation, (2) government policy-driven investment, (3) combined public-private investment, and (4) extreme global capital concentration.
Results show AI investment can significantly boost value-added sectors such as semiconductors, information services, and technical services. In the extreme case, AI-related output could exceed NT$ 6.2 trillion, while electricity demand may rise by 12%—equivalent to 22% of total industrial use. This surge could strain the power grid, shift the national energy structure, and raise CO₂ emissions by over 27 million metric tons, threatening Taiwan’s net-zero goals.
Overall, this study offers a quantitative framework linking industrial growth, energy use, and environmental impact. The findings provide policymakers with data-driven insights for aligning AI investment with energy resilience and sustainability goals.

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