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研究生：	謝慈芯 Hsieh, Tzu-Hsin
論文名稱：	數位孿生在混合實境下的協作設計 Application of Digital Twin for Collaborative Design in Mixed Reality Environment
指導教授：	鄭泰昇 Jeng, Tay-Sheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 建築學系 Department of Architecture
論文出版年：	2023
畢業學年度：	111
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	154
中文關鍵詞：	協同作業、數位孿生、混合實境、物聯網、智慧城市、管理平台
外文關鍵詞：	Collaboration Design, Digital Twin, Mixed Reality (MR), Internet of Things (IoT), Smart City, Management Platform
相關次數：	點閱：104 下載：0
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建築資訊模型 (BIM) 提供了設計及施工協作的基礎，但是在建築模型資訊常常存在著即時同步的問題，且目前 BIM 著重在建築元件的資訊記錄，對於協同作業的管理維護環境無法提供良好協助，例如環境感測數據同步、用戶回饋交流、資源共享等等，為了將BIM 技術從建築設計階段延伸到設施管理階段，因此需要導入數位孿生 (Digital Twin) 技術，建置一個3D視覺化平台，以提供一個同步作業的環境，使得建築至城市的管理效率達最佳化。
本研究專注於研發一種更直觀的操作方式來提升協同設計。因此我們將數位孿生技術與混合現實（MR）結合，藉由數位孿生中IoT數據的整合，導入混合實境協同作業的環境。本研究即時提供最佳的信息共享，為管理者和決策者提供對空間的理解與溝通，並確保模型和信息數據在建築物生命週期中始終保持更新狀態。我們的具體目標包括將數位孿生技術與MR有效結合，提升協同設計方法，並實現即時更改與視覺反饋。
在本論文中，我們使用Unity引擎與Autodesk Forge API，將現場的建築信息建立為BIM模型，並在Microsoft HoloLens 2可穿戴設備上顯示。我們建立了現場模型的數位孿生網絡儀表板，由感應器收集的數據到由Raspberry pi建立的物聯網基站。接著將數位孿生網絡儀表板上的模型顯示在HoloLens 2上，以支援在混合現實環境中進行協同設計。在智慧城市應用中，該系統打破了現有城市管理介面的2D平面，並在混合現實（MR）頭戴式裝置中將介面3D視覺化，創造了一種更直觀且高效的智慧城市管理方式。

Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides the basis for design collaboration, but there are often problems with real-time synchronization of building model information. Currently, BIM focuses on the information record of building components, but does not provide good assistance to the management and maintenance environment of collaborative work, such as synchronization of environmental sensing data, user feedback exchange, resource sharing, etc. In order to extend BIM technology from the building design stage to the facility management stage, it is necessary to introduce Digital Twin technology to build a 3D visualization platform to provide a collaborative environment. This will optimize the efficiency of building and city management.
This study focuses on providing a more intuitive way to support collaborative design. Therefore, a collaborative environment is created by integrating IoT data in digital twins into a mixed reality environment. Our research provides optimal information sharing in real time, providing managers and decision makers with direct control and discussion of the space. This ensures that models and information data are always up to date over the life cycle of the building. Our specific goals include the effective integration of digital twin technology with MR to enhance collaborative design approaches and enable real-time changes and real-time visual feedback.
In this paper, we used the Unity Engine with Autodesk Platform Services API to build a BIM model in the field and display it on a Microsoft HoloLens 2 wearable device. We built a digital twin web dashboard of the field model with the data collected by the sensors to the IoT base station built by Raspberry pi. The models on the digital twin dashboard were then displayed on HoloLens 2 to enable collaborative design in a mixed reality environment. The system breaks the 2D plane of the existing city management interface and visualizes the interface in 3D in a mixed reality (MR) headset, creating a more intuitive and efficient way to manage smart cities.

摘要 ............................................................................................................................I
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... II
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................... III
Contents ...................................................................................................................IV
List of Figure ......................................................................................................... VII
List of Table.............................................................................................................XI
Chapter 1 Introduction..........................................................................................1
1 Research Background & Motivation ..................................................................... 1
2 Research Objective................................................................................................ 2
3 Research Framework & Method............................................................................ 4
Chapter 2 Related Work .......................................................................................6
1 Collaborative Design............................................................................................. 6
1.1 The definition of Collaboration Design......................................................... 7
1.2 Collaboration Design & Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD).... 9
1.3 Shared Workspace of Collaboration Design ............................................... 12
1.4 The Communication problem and process of collaborative design............. 16
1.5 The Strategies for Enhancing Collaborative Design ................................... 18
2 Concept of Digital Twin................................................................................................ 20
2.1 From Building Information Modeling (BIM) to Digital Twins................... 20
2.2 The definition of Digital Twin .................................................................... 24
2.3 The Classification of Digital Twin .............................................................. 26
2.4 The System Framework of Digital Twin.................................................... 29
2.5 Digital Twin with IoT .................................................................................. 33
3 Mixed Reality ...................................................................................................... 36
3.1 The Development of Mixed Reality ............................................................ 36
3.2 The Features of Mixed Reality .................................................................... 38
3.3 The technology of Mixed Reality ................................................................ 39
3.4 Applications of Mixed Reality in AEC ....................................................... 41
4 Connection between Related Work ..................................................................... 46
4.1 Comparison between Digital Twin and Mixed Reality ............................... 46
4.2 Advantages of Collaborative in Mixed Reality environments .................... 48
4.3 The implementation of Digital Twin in Smart City management ............... 50
Chapter 3 Framework and Methodology ............................................................ 57
1 The Scenario ........................................................................................................ 57
2 System Design ..................................................................................................... 61
2.1 Development Environment and Tools ......................................................... 62
2.2 System and Users ........................................................................................ 66
2.3 Collaborative Flow ...................................................................................... 67
3 Digital Twin Web Dashboard ............................................................................ 70
3.1 Digital Twin Modeling ................................................................................ 72
3.2 IoT Sensor Connection ................................................................................ 76
4 Mixed Reality Application ................................................................................ 80
4.1 Digital Twin Import ..................................................................................... 81
4.2 Mixed Reality Deployment ......................................................................... 83
5 Collaborative Environment................................................................................. 86
5.1 Collaborative Environment Setup ............................................................... 87
5.2 Collaborative Interface Design .................................................................... 93
Chapter 4 Applications, Finding and Evaluation .............................................. 102
1 Applications ....................................................................................................... 103
2 Experimental Analysis ....................................................................................... 107
2.1 Data Management ...................................................................................... 107
2.2 IoT Connectivity ........................................................................................ 109
3 User Experience ................................................................................................. 112
3.1 Visual Interface ......................................................................................... 112
3.2 Collaboration ............................................................................................. 118
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Discussion .............................................................. 123
1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 123
2 Discussion.......................................................................................................... 125
3 Future work ....................................................................................................... 126
I. Reference ........................................................................................................ 132
English Reference .......................................................................................................... 132
Chinese Reference ......................................................................................................... 136
Website Reference ......................................................................................................... 136
II. Appendix ..................................................................................................... 137
II.1 Database Connection .............................................................................................. 137
II.2 Interface Design Process ......................................................................................... 138
II.3 Collaboration Setting .............................................................................................. 139
II.4 System Demo Video ............................................................................................... 141
                                    

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