本研究透過魚類採樣、環境因子與伏流水的量測，藉以觀察伏流水上湧與下滲之狀況對地表逕流水質的影響，並透過統計分析之方法找出魚類所偏好的棲地。本研究於2012年10月至2014年4月間在屏東縣萬巒鄉五溝水村附近的溪流採樣，其溪流為大武山水脈透過地下流動至五溝村附近湧出，混和地表逕流與伏流水而成；本研究將研究區域區分為興盛橋上游段與五福橋下游段，利用電格法進行魚類採樣，微測壓管量測垂直水力梯度，並量測導電度、溶氧量、pH值與濁度等環境因子，使用獨立樣本T檢定檢定不同水質於伏流水上湧與下滲之差異性，並取魚類資料對照，觀察魚類所喜好的棲地。

研究結果顯示地表逕流水於不同溪流段中，導電度、水深、濁度與葉綠素a有顯著差異性。而在伏流水上湧與下滲段之地表逕流水中上湧處之溶氧較低、pH較高、底質粒徑較大、硝酸鹽濃度較低且總磷濃度較高，下滲處則反之。魚類採樣結果中，於上湧段的魚類個體數量、魚種數目與生物多樣性指數皆高於下滲段。透過相關分析找出生物參數與環境因子之關係，興盛橋上游段為一大尺度中的上湧區域，該區域水質皆為魚類所偏好之上湧段之水質：水深較深、流速較緩、底質粒徑較粗糙、硝酸鹽濃度較低與總磷濃度較高之區域。五福橋下游段則分布較均勻，可透過上湧與下滲特性了解水質關係與不同種類魚類分布情形。

本研究透過主成份分析與相關分析研究四種指標魚種：短吻紅斑吻鰕虎、中華鰍、條紋二鬚鲃與馬口魚。顯示短吻紅斑吻鰕虎較喜愛採樣區域中溶氧濃度與葉綠素a較高及水深較淺且水溫、導電度、濁度與硝酸鹽濃度較低之區域。中華鰍則顯示多分布於下滲段內，其水溫、水深深度、導電度較低，濁度、pH值較高且底質粒徑較細之棲地。條紋二鬚鲃偏好水深有一定深度、pH值、總磷濃度與伏流水通量較高，平均流速較緩、水溫、導電度、濁度與硝酸鹽濃度較低之底質顆粒粗糙的區域。馬口魚大量分布在伏流水上湧區域中，喜好上湧段中底質較粗糙，水深、pH值與總磷濃度較高，水溫、流速、導電度與硝酸鹽濃度較低之棲地。

This study tried to figure out how the upwelling and downwelling of hyporheic water affects surface water. The preferred habitat of fish was identified by using statistical analysis methods. The results could be used as a reference for the restoration work. In addition, data collection of hyporheic water could be basis for extraction of hyporheic water in the future. Sampling sites were in the Wu Gou Shui River. Data was sampled from October 2012 to April 2014. In this study, two sections were sampled upstream of Xing Sheng Bridge and the downstream of Wu Fu Bridge. Then the T-test was used to validate water quality characteristics significant differences between upwelling and downwelling. Pearson Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used as a comparison to investigate the preferred habitat of different species of fishes. The results show that the water quality of stream water and hyporheic water were different in both upwelling and downwelling locations. Fish density, fish species number, and diversity index were higher in upwelling locations compare to downwelling locations. All the fish indicator species showed different habitat preferences.

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